Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability

Even after a century, heparin is still the most effective anticoagulant available with few side effects. The poor oral absorption of heparins triggered the search for strategies to achieve oral bioavailability since this route has evident advantages over parenteral administration. Several approaches...

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Main Authors:	Neves, Ana Rita, Correia-da-Silva, Marta, Sousa, Emília, Pinto, Madalena
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039490/

id	pubmed-5039490
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-50394902016-10-04 Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability Neves, Ana Rita Correia-da-Silva, Marta Sousa, Emília Pinto, Madalena Review Even after a century, heparin is still the most effective anticoagulant available with few side effects. The poor oral absorption of heparins triggered the search for strategies to achieve oral bioavailability since this route has evident advantages over parenteral administration. Several approaches emerged, such as conjugation of heparins with bile acids and lipids, formulation with penetration enhancers, and encapsulation of heparins in micro and nanoparticles. Some of these strategies appear to have potential as good delivery systems to overcome heparin’s low oral bioavailability. Nevertheless, none have reached the market yet. Overall, this review aims to provide insights regarding the oral bioavailability of heparin. MDPI 2016-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5039490/ /pubmed/27367704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph9030037 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Neves, Ana Rita Correia-da-Silva, Marta Sousa, Emília Pinto, Madalena
spellingShingle	Neves, Ana Rita Correia-da-Silva, Marta Sousa, Emília Pinto, Madalena Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability
author_facet	Neves, Ana Rita Correia-da-Silva, Marta Sousa, Emília Pinto, Madalena
author_sort	Neves, Ana Rita
title	Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability
title_short	Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability
title_full	Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability
title_fullStr	Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability
title_full_unstemmed	Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability
title_sort	strategies to overcome heparins’ low oral bioavailability
description	Even after a century, heparin is still the most effective anticoagulant available with few side effects. The poor oral absorption of heparins triggered the search for strategies to achieve oral bioavailability since this route has evident advantages over parenteral administration. Several approaches emerged, such as conjugation of heparins with bile acids and lipids, formulation with penetration enhancers, and encapsulation of heparins in micro and nanoparticles. Some of these strategies appear to have potential as good delivery systems to overcome heparin’s low oral bioavailability. Nevertheless, none have reached the market yet. Overall, this review aims to provide insights regarding the oral bioavailability of heparin.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039490/
_version_	1613663383011196928

Strategies to Overcome Heparins’ Low Oral Bioavailability

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