Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents

First introduced during the late 1800s, radiation therapy is fundamental to the treatment of cancer. In developed countries, approximately 60% of all patients receive radiation therapy (also known as the sixty percenters), which makes radioresistance in cancer an important and, to date, unsolved, cl...

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Main Authors:	Oronsky, Bryan, Scicinski, Jan, Kim, Michelle M., Cabrales, Pedro, Salacz, Michael E., Carter, Corey A., Oronsky, Neil, Lybeck, Harry, Lybeck, Michelle, Larson, Christopher, Reid, Tony R., Oronsky, Arnold
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039418/

id	pubmed-5039418
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-50394182016-10-04 Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents Oronsky, Bryan Scicinski, Jan Kim, Michelle M. Cabrales, Pedro Salacz, Michael E. Carter, Corey A. Oronsky, Neil Lybeck, Harry Lybeck, Michelle Larson, Christopher Reid, Tony R. Oronsky, Arnold Review First introduced during the late 1800s, radiation therapy is fundamental to the treatment of cancer. In developed countries, approximately 60% of all patients receive radiation therapy (also known as the sixty percenters), which makes radioresistance in cancer an important and, to date, unsolved, clinical problem. Unfortunately, the therapeutic refractoriness of solid tumors is the rule not the exception, and the ubiquity of resistance also extends to standard chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Based on extrapolation from recent clinical inroads with epigenetic agents to prime refractory tumors for maximum sensitivity to concurrent or subsequent therapies, the radioresistant phenotype is potentially reversible, since aberrant epigenetic mechanisms are critical contributors to the evolution of resistant subpopulations of malignant cells. Within the framework of a syllogism, this review explores the emerging link between epigenetics and the development of radioresistance and makes the case that a strategy of pre- or co-treatment with epigenetic agents has the potential to, not only derepress inappropriately silenced genes, but also increase reactive oxygen species production, resulting in the restoration of radiosensitivity. MDPI 2016-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5039418/ /pubmed/27384589 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom6030032 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Oronsky, Bryan Scicinski, Jan Kim, Michelle M. Cabrales, Pedro Salacz, Michael E. Carter, Corey A. Oronsky, Neil Lybeck, Harry Lybeck, Michelle Larson, Christopher Reid, Tony R. Oronsky, Arnold
spellingShingle	Oronsky, Bryan Scicinski, Jan Kim, Michelle M. Cabrales, Pedro Salacz, Michael E. Carter, Corey A. Oronsky, Neil Lybeck, Harry Lybeck, Michelle Larson, Christopher Reid, Tony R. Oronsky, Arnold Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents
author_facet	Oronsky, Bryan Scicinski, Jan Kim, Michelle M. Cabrales, Pedro Salacz, Michael E. Carter, Corey A. Oronsky, Neil Lybeck, Harry Lybeck, Michelle Larson, Christopher Reid, Tony R. Oronsky, Arnold
author_sort	Oronsky, Bryan
title	Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents
title_short	Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents
title_full	Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents
title_fullStr	Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents
title_full_unstemmed	Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents
title_sort	turning on the radio: epigenetic inhibitors as potential radiopriming agents
description	First introduced during the late 1800s, radiation therapy is fundamental to the treatment of cancer. In developed countries, approximately 60% of all patients receive radiation therapy (also known as the sixty percenters), which makes radioresistance in cancer an important and, to date, unsolved, clinical problem. Unfortunately, the therapeutic refractoriness of solid tumors is the rule not the exception, and the ubiquity of resistance also extends to standard chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Based on extrapolation from recent clinical inroads with epigenetic agents to prime refractory tumors for maximum sensitivity to concurrent or subsequent therapies, the radioresistant phenotype is potentially reversible, since aberrant epigenetic mechanisms are critical contributors to the evolution of resistant subpopulations of malignant cells. Within the framework of a syllogism, this review explores the emerging link between epigenetics and the development of radioresistance and makes the case that a strategy of pre- or co-treatment with epigenetic agents has the potential to, not only derepress inappropriately silenced genes, but also increase reactive oxygen species production, resulting in the restoration of radiosensitivity.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039418/
_version_	1613663302811910144

Turning on the Radio: Epigenetic Inhibitors as Potential Radiopriming Agents

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