Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition without a cure, affecting sensory and/or motor functions. The physical trauma to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular events that generates a non-permissive environment for cell survival and axonal regeneration. Among these complex set...

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Main Authors:	Colón, Jennifer M., Miranda, Jorge D.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5020807/

id	pubmed-5020807
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-50208072016-09-20 Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery Colón, Jennifer M. Miranda, Jorge D. Invited Review Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition without a cure, affecting sensory and/or motor functions. The physical trauma to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular events that generates a non-permissive environment for cell survival and axonal regeneration. Among these complex set of events are damage of the blood-brain barrier, edema formation, inflammation, oxidative stress, demyelination, reactive gliosis and apoptosis. The multiple events activated after SCI require a multi-active drug that could target most of these events and produce a permissive environment for cell survival, regeneration, vascular reorganization and synaptic formation. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is an FDA approved drug with several neuroprotective properties that should be considered for the treatment of this devastating condition. Various investigators using different animal models and injury parameters have demonstrated the beneficial effects of this drug to improve functional locomotor recovery after SCI. Results suggest that the mechanism of action of Tamoxifen administration is to modulate anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-gliotic responses. A gap of knowledge exists regarding the sex differences in response to Tamoxifen and the therapeutic window available to administer this treatment. In addition, the effects of Tamoxifen in axonal outgrowth or synapse formation needs to be investigated. This review will address some of the mechanisms activated by Tamoxifen after SCI and the results recently published by investigators in the field. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5020807/ /pubmed/27651756 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.189164 Text en Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Colón, Jennifer M. Miranda, Jorge D.
spellingShingle	Colón, Jennifer M. Miranda, Jorge D. Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
author_facet	Colón, Jennifer M. Miranda, Jorge D.
author_sort	Colón, Jennifer M.
title	Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
title_short	Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
title_full	Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
title_fullStr	Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
title_full_unstemmed	Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
title_sort	tamoxifen: an fda approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery
description	Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition without a cure, affecting sensory and/or motor functions. The physical trauma to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular events that generates a non-permissive environment for cell survival and axonal regeneration. Among these complex set of events are damage of the blood-brain barrier, edema formation, inflammation, oxidative stress, demyelination, reactive gliosis and apoptosis. The multiple events activated after SCI require a multi-active drug that could target most of these events and produce a permissive environment for cell survival, regeneration, vascular reorganization and synaptic formation. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is an FDA approved drug with several neuroprotective properties that should be considered for the treatment of this devastating condition. Various investigators using different animal models and injury parameters have demonstrated the beneficial effects of this drug to improve functional locomotor recovery after SCI. Results suggest that the mechanism of action of Tamoxifen administration is to modulate anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-gliotic responses. A gap of knowledge exists regarding the sex differences in response to Tamoxifen and the therapeutic window available to administer this treatment. In addition, the effects of Tamoxifen in axonal outgrowth or synapse formation needs to be investigated. This review will address some of the mechanisms activated by Tamoxifen after SCI and the results recently published by investigators in the field.
publisher	Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5020807/
_version_	1613650006864035840

Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery

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