Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene

Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene

Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential t...

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Main Authors: Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul, Wang, Jing, Toh, Wei Xun, Li, Shang
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2016
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999838/
id pubmed-4999838
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-49998382016-09-01 Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul Wang, Jing Toh, Wei Xun Li, Shang Review Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is the rate-limiting factor in reconstituting telomerase activity in vivo. To date, the expression and function of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are known to be regulated at various molecular levels (including genetic, mRNA, protein and subcellular localization) by a number of diverse factors. Among these means of regulation, transcription modulation is the most important, as evident in its tight regulation in cancer cell survival as well as pluripotent stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we discuss how hTERT gene transcription is regulated, mainly focusing on the contribution of trans-acting factors such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, as well as genetic alterations in hTERT proximal promoter. MDPI 2016-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4999838/ /pubmed/27548225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes7080050 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul
Wang, Jing
Toh, Wei Xun
Li, Shang
spellingShingle Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul
Wang, Jing
Toh, Wei Xun
Li, Shang
Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
author_facet Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul
Wang, Jing
Toh, Wei Xun
Li, Shang
author_sort Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul
title Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
title_short Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
title_full Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
title_fullStr Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
title_full_unstemmed Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
title_sort transcription regulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) gene
description Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is the rate-limiting factor in reconstituting telomerase activity in vivo. To date, the expression and function of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are known to be regulated at various molecular levels (including genetic, mRNA, protein and subcellular localization) by a number of diverse factors. Among these means of regulation, transcription modulation is the most important, as evident in its tight regulation in cancer cell survival as well as pluripotent stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we discuss how hTERT gene transcription is regulated, mainly focusing on the contribution of trans-acting factors such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, as well as genetic alterations in hTERT proximal promoter.
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2016
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999838/
_version_ 1613636256612220928

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