MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy

MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs, constitute a promising approach to anti-cancer treatments when they are used in combination with other agents. MiRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the comp...

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Main Authors: Mognato, Maddalena, Celotti, Lucia
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Bentham Science Publishers 2015
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997954/
id pubmed-4997954
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-49979542016-08-31 MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy Mognato, Maddalena Celotti, Lucia Article MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs, constitute a promising approach to anti-cancer treatments when they are used in combination with other agents. MiRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the complementary sequence in the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. MiRNAs typically suppress gene expression by direct association with target transcripts, thus decreasing the expression levels of target proteins. The delivery to cells of synthetic miRNAs that mimic endogenous miRNA targeting genes involved in the DNA-Damage Response (DDR) can perturb the process, making cells more sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This review examines how cells respond to combined therapy and it provides insights into the role of miRNAs in targeting the DDR repair pathway when they are used in combination with chemical compounds or ionizing radiation to enhance cellular sensitivity to treatments. Bentham Science Publishers 2015-11 2015-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4997954/ /pubmed/26156420 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666150709115355 Text en © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode ), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Mognato, Maddalena
Celotti, Lucia
spellingShingle Mognato, Maddalena
Celotti, Lucia
MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy
author_facet Mognato, Maddalena
Celotti, Lucia
author_sort Mognato, Maddalena
title MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy
title_short MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy
title_full MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy
title_fullStr MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy
title_full_unstemmed MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy
title_sort micrornas used in combination with anti-cancer treatments can enhance therapy efficacy
description MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs, constitute a promising approach to anti-cancer treatments when they are used in combination with other agents. MiRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the complementary sequence in the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. MiRNAs typically suppress gene expression by direct association with target transcripts, thus decreasing the expression levels of target proteins. The delivery to cells of synthetic miRNAs that mimic endogenous miRNA targeting genes involved in the DNA-Damage Response (DDR) can perturb the process, making cells more sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This review examines how cells respond to combined therapy and it provides insights into the role of miRNAs in targeting the DDR repair pathway when they are used in combination with chemical compounds or ionizing radiation to enhance cellular sensitivity to treatments.
publisher Bentham Science Publishers
publishDate 2015
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997954/
_version_ 1613634955756175360

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