Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea

The chicken upper respiratory tract is the portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). The presence of microorganisms is sensed by pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) of the innate immune defenses. Innate responses are essential for...

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Main Authors:	Barjesteh, Neda, Alkie, Tamiru Negash, Hodgins, Douglas C., Nagy, Éva, Sharif, Shayan
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4974541/

id	pubmed-4974541
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-49745412016-08-08 Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea Barjesteh, Neda Alkie, Tamiru Negash Hodgins, Douglas C. Nagy, Éva Sharif, Shayan Article The chicken upper respiratory tract is the portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). The presence of microorganisms is sensed by pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) of the innate immune defenses. Innate responses are essential for subsequent induction of potent adaptive immune responses, but little information is available about innate antiviral responses of the chicken trachea. We hypothesized that TLR ligands induce innate antiviral responses in the chicken trachea. Tracheal organ cultures (TOC) were used to investigate localized innate responses to TLR ligands. Expression of candidate genes, which play a role in antiviral responses, was quantified. To confirm the antiviral responses of stimulated TOC, chicken macrophages were treated with supernatants from stimulated TOC, prior to infection with AIV. The results demonstrated that TLR ligands induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons and interferon stimulated genes in the chicken trachea. In conclusion, TLR ligands induce functional antiviral responses in the chicken trachea, which may act against some pathogens, such as AIV. MDPI 2016-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4974541/ /pubmed/27455308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8070207 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Barjesteh, Neda Alkie, Tamiru Negash Hodgins, Douglas C. Nagy, Éva Sharif, Shayan
spellingShingle	Barjesteh, Neda Alkie, Tamiru Negash Hodgins, Douglas C. Nagy, Éva Sharif, Shayan Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
author_facet	Barjesteh, Neda Alkie, Tamiru Negash Hodgins, Douglas C. Nagy, Éva Sharif, Shayan
author_sort	Barjesteh, Neda
title	Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
title_short	Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
title_full	Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
title_fullStr	Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
title_full_unstemmed	Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
title_sort	local innate responses to tlr ligands in the chicken trachea
description	The chicken upper respiratory tract is the portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). The presence of microorganisms is sensed by pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) of the innate immune defenses. Innate responses are essential for subsequent induction of potent adaptive immune responses, but little information is available about innate antiviral responses of the chicken trachea. We hypothesized that TLR ligands induce innate antiviral responses in the chicken trachea. Tracheal organ cultures (TOC) were used to investigate localized innate responses to TLR ligands. Expression of candidate genes, which play a role in antiviral responses, was quantified. To confirm the antiviral responses of stimulated TOC, chicken macrophages were treated with supernatants from stimulated TOC, prior to infection with AIV. The results demonstrated that TLR ligands induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons and interferon stimulated genes in the chicken trachea. In conclusion, TLR ligands induce functional antiviral responses in the chicken trachea, which may act against some pathogens, such as AIV.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4974541/
_version_	1613621934119976960

Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea

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