Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests

Wireless sensor networks are expected to automatically monitor the ecological evolution and wildlife habits in forests. Low-power links (transceivers) are often adopted in wireless sensor network applications, in order to save the precious sensor energy and then achieve long-term, unattended monitor...

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Main Authors:	Ding, Xingjian, Sun, Guodong, Yang, Gaoxiang, Shang, Xinna
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4970038/

id	pubmed-4970038
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-49700382016-08-04 Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests Ding, Xingjian Sun, Guodong Yang, Gaoxiang Shang, Xinna Article Wireless sensor networks are expected to automatically monitor the ecological evolution and wildlife habits in forests. Low-power links (transceivers) are often adopted in wireless sensor network applications, in order to save the precious sensor energy and then achieve long-term, unattended monitoring. Recent research has presented some performance characteristics of such low-power wireless links under laboratory or outdoor scenarios with less obstacles, and they have found that low-power wireless links are unreliable and prone to be affected by the target environment. However, there is still less understanding about how well the low-power wireless link performs in real-world forests and to what extent the complex in-forest surrounding environments affect the link performances. In this paper, we empirically evaluate the low-power links of wireless sensors in three typical different forest environments. Our experiment investigates the performance of the link layer compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and analyzes the variation patterns of the packet reception ratio (PRR), the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the link quality indicator (LQI) under diverse experimental settings. Some observations of this study are inconsistent with or even contradict prior results that are achieved in open fields or relatively clean environments and thus, provide new insights both into effectively evaluating the low-power wireless links and into efficiently deploying wireless sensor network systems in forest environments. MDPI 2016-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4970038/ /pubmed/27355957 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16070987 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Ding, Xingjian Sun, Guodong Yang, Gaoxiang Shang, Xinna
spellingShingle	Ding, Xingjian Sun, Guodong Yang, Gaoxiang Shang, Xinna Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests
author_facet	Ding, Xingjian Sun, Guodong Yang, Gaoxiang Shang, Xinna
author_sort	Ding, Xingjian
title	Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests
title_short	Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests
title_full	Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests
title_fullStr	Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests
title_full_unstemmed	Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests
title_sort	link investigation of ieee 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks in forests
description	Wireless sensor networks are expected to automatically monitor the ecological evolution and wildlife habits in forests. Low-power links (transceivers) are often adopted in wireless sensor network applications, in order to save the precious sensor energy and then achieve long-term, unattended monitoring. Recent research has presented some performance characteristics of such low-power wireless links under laboratory or outdoor scenarios with less obstacles, and they have found that low-power wireless links are unreliable and prone to be affected by the target environment. However, there is still less understanding about how well the low-power wireless link performs in real-world forests and to what extent the complex in-forest surrounding environments affect the link performances. In this paper, we empirically evaluate the low-power links of wireless sensors in three typical different forest environments. Our experiment investigates the performance of the link layer compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and analyzes the variation patterns of the packet reception ratio (PRR), the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the link quality indicator (LQI) under diverse experimental settings. Some observations of this study are inconsistent with or even contradict prior results that are achieved in open fields or relatively clean environments and thus, provide new insights both into effectively evaluating the low-power wireless links and into efficiently deploying wireless sensor network systems in forest environments.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4970038/
_version_	1613619546417004544

Link Investigation of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks in Forests

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