Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages

Campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas C. fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated...

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Main Authors:	Gilbert, Maarten J., Miller, William G., Yee, Emma, Zomer, Aldert L., van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda, Fitzgerald, Collette, Forbes, Ken J., Méric, Guillaume, Sheppard, Samuel K., Wagenaar, Jaap A., Duim, Birgitta
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford University Press 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943207/

id	pubmed-4943207
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-49432072016-07-14 Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages Gilbert, Maarten J. Miller, William G. Yee, Emma Zomer, Aldert L. van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda Fitzgerald, Collette Forbes, Ken J. Méric, Guillaume Sheppard, Samuel K. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Duim, Birgitta Research Article Campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas C. fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. Both C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. To study the genetic factors associated with the distinct host dichotomy in C. fetus, whole-genome sequencing and comparison of mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus was performed. The genomes of C. fetus subsp. testudinum isolated from either reptiles or humans were compared with elucidate the genetic factors associated with pathogenicity in humans. Genomic comparisons showed conservation of gene content and organization among C. fetus subspecies, but a clear distinction between mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus was observed. Several genomic regions appeared to be subspecies specific, including a putative tricarballylate catabolism pathway, exclusively present in C. fetus subsp. testudinum strains. Within C. fetus subsp. testudinum, sapA, sapB, and sapAB type strains were observed. The recombinant locus iamABC (mlaFED) was exclusively associated with invasive C. fetus subsp. testudinum strains isolated from humans. A phylogenetic reconstruction was consistent with divergent evolution in host-associated strains and the existence of a barrier to lateral gene transfer between mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus. Overall, this study shows that reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum is genetically divergent from mammal-associated C. fetus subspecies. Oxford University Press 2016-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4943207/ /pubmed/27333878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw146 Text en © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Gilbert, Maarten J. Miller, William G. Yee, Emma Zomer, Aldert L. van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda Fitzgerald, Collette Forbes, Ken J. Méric, Guillaume Sheppard, Samuel K. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Duim, Birgitta
spellingShingle	Gilbert, Maarten J. Miller, William G. Yee, Emma Zomer, Aldert L. van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda Fitzgerald, Collette Forbes, Ken J. Méric, Guillaume Sheppard, Samuel K. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Duim, Birgitta Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages
author_facet	Gilbert, Maarten J. Miller, William G. Yee, Emma Zomer, Aldert L. van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda Fitzgerald, Collette Forbes, Ken J. Méric, Guillaume Sheppard, Samuel K. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Duim, Birgitta
author_sort	Gilbert, Maarten J.
title	Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages
title_short	Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages
title_full	Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages
title_fullStr	Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages
title_sort	comparative genomics of campylobacter fetus from reptiles and mammals reveals divergent evolution in host-associated lineages
description	Campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas C. fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. Both C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. To study the genetic factors associated with the distinct host dichotomy in C. fetus, whole-genome sequencing and comparison of mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus was performed. The genomes of C. fetus subsp. testudinum isolated from either reptiles or humans were compared with elucidate the genetic factors associated with pathogenicity in humans. Genomic comparisons showed conservation of gene content and organization among C. fetus subspecies, but a clear distinction between mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus was observed. Several genomic regions appeared to be subspecies specific, including a putative tricarballylate catabolism pathway, exclusively present in C. fetus subsp. testudinum strains. Within C. fetus subsp. testudinum, sapA, sapB, and sapAB type strains were observed. The recombinant locus iamABC (mlaFED) was exclusively associated with invasive C. fetus subsp. testudinum strains isolated from humans. A phylogenetic reconstruction was consistent with divergent evolution in host-associated strains and the existence of a barrier to lateral gene transfer between mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus. Overall, this study shows that reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum is genetically divergent from mammal-associated C. fetus subspecies.
publisher	Oxford University Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943207/
_version_	1613608504778555392

Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages

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