G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes

Rice empty glumes, also named sterile lemmas or rudimentary lemmas according to different interpretations, are distinct from lemmas in morphology and cellular pattern. Consistently, the molecular mechanism to control the development of lemmas is different from that of empty glumes. Rice LEAFY HULL S...

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Main Authors:	Liu, Mengjia, Li, Haifeng, Su, Yali, Li, Wenqiang, Shi, Chunhai
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4941205/

id	pubmed-4941205
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-49412052016-07-26 G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes Liu, Mengjia Li, Haifeng Su, Yali Li, Wenqiang Shi, Chunhai Plant Science Rice empty glumes, also named sterile lemmas or rudimentary lemmas according to different interpretations, are distinct from lemmas in morphology and cellular pattern. Consistently, the molecular mechanism to control the development of lemmas is different from that of empty glumes. Rice LEAFY HULL STERILE1(OsLHS1) and DROOPING LEAF(DL) regulate the cellular pattern and the number of vascular bundles of lemmas respectively, while LONG STERILE LEMMA1 (G1)/ELONGATED EMPTY GLUME (ELE) and PANICLE PHYTOMER2 (PAP2)/OsMADS34 determine identities of empty glumes. Though some progress has been made, identities of empty glumes remain unclear, and genetic interactions between lemma genes and glume genes have been rarely elucidated. In this research, a new G1/ELE mutant g1–6 was identified and the phenotype was analyzed. Similar to previously reported mutant lines of G1/ELE, empty glumes of g1–6 plants transform into lemma-like organs. Furthermore, Phenotypes of single and double mutant plants suggest that, in addition to their previously described gene-specific functions, G1/ELE and OsLHS1 play redundant roles in controlling vascular bundle number, cell volume, and cell layer number of empty glumes and lemmas. Meanwhile, expression patterns of G1/ELE in osmads1-z flowers and OsLHS1 in g1–6 flowers indicate they do not regulate each other at the level of transcription. Finally, down-regulation of the empty glume gene OsMADS34/PAP2 and ectopic expression of the lemma gene DL, in the g1–6 plants provide further evidence that empty glumes are sterile lemmas. Generally, our findings provided valuable information for better understanding functions of G1 and OsLHS1 in flower development and identities of empty glumes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4941205/ /pubmed/27462334 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01006 Text en Copyright © 2016 Liu, Li, Su, Li and Shi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Liu, Mengjia Li, Haifeng Su, Yali Li, Wenqiang Shi, Chunhai
spellingShingle	Liu, Mengjia Li, Haifeng Su, Yali Li, Wenqiang Shi, Chunhai G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes
author_facet	Liu, Mengjia Li, Haifeng Su, Yali Li, Wenqiang Shi, Chunhai
author_sort	Liu, Mengjia
title	G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes
title_short	G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes
title_full	G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes
title_fullStr	G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes
title_full_unstemmed	G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes
title_sort	g1/ele functions in the development of rice lemmas in addition to determining identities of empty glumes
description	Rice empty glumes, also named sterile lemmas or rudimentary lemmas according to different interpretations, are distinct from lemmas in morphology and cellular pattern. Consistently, the molecular mechanism to control the development of lemmas is different from that of empty glumes. Rice LEAFY HULL STERILE1(OsLHS1) and DROOPING LEAF(DL) regulate the cellular pattern and the number of vascular bundles of lemmas respectively, while LONG STERILE LEMMA1 (G1)/ELONGATED EMPTY GLUME (ELE) and PANICLE PHYTOMER2 (PAP2)/OsMADS34 determine identities of empty glumes. Though some progress has been made, identities of empty glumes remain unclear, and genetic interactions between lemma genes and glume genes have been rarely elucidated. In this research, a new G1/ELE mutant g1–6 was identified and the phenotype was analyzed. Similar to previously reported mutant lines of G1/ELE, empty glumes of g1–6 plants transform into lemma-like organs. Furthermore, Phenotypes of single and double mutant plants suggest that, in addition to their previously described gene-specific functions, G1/ELE and OsLHS1 play redundant roles in controlling vascular bundle number, cell volume, and cell layer number of empty glumes and lemmas. Meanwhile, expression patterns of G1/ELE in osmads1-z flowers and OsLHS1 in g1–6 flowers indicate they do not regulate each other at the level of transcription. Finally, down-regulation of the empty glume gene OsMADS34/PAP2 and ectopic expression of the lemma gene DL, in the g1–6 plants provide further evidence that empty glumes are sterile lemmas. Generally, our findings provided valuable information for better understanding functions of G1 and OsLHS1 in flower development and identities of empty glumes.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4941205/
_version_	1613607616073695232

G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes

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