The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools

The adult insect brain is composed of neuropils present in most taxa. However, the relative size, shape, and developmental timing differ between species. This diversity of adult insect brain morphology has been extensively described while the genetic mechanisms of brain development are studied predo...

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Main Authors:	Koniszewski, Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard, Kollmann, Martin, Bigham, Mahdiyeh, Farnworth, Max, He, Bicheng, Büscher, Marita, Hütteroth, Wolf, Binzer, Marlene, Schachtner, Joachim, Bucher, Gregor
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4896989/

id	pubmed-4896989
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-48969892016-06-27 The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools Koniszewski, Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Kollmann, Martin Bigham, Mahdiyeh Farnworth, Max He, Bicheng Büscher, Marita Hütteroth, Wolf Binzer, Marlene Schachtner, Joachim Bucher, Gregor Review The adult insect brain is composed of neuropils present in most taxa. However, the relative size, shape, and developmental timing differ between species. This diversity of adult insect brain morphology has been extensively described while the genetic mechanisms of brain development are studied predominantly in Drosophila melanogaster. However, it has remained enigmatic what cellular and genetic mechanisms underlie the evolution of neuropil diversity or heterochronic development. In this perspective paper, we propose a novel approach to study these questions. We suggest using genome editing to mark homologous neural cells in the fly D. melanogaster, the beetle Tribolium castaneum, and the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to investigate developmental differences leading to brain diversification. One interesting aspect is the heterochrony observed in central complex development. Ancestrally, the central complex is formed during embryogenesis (as in Gryllus) but in Drosophila, it arises during late larval and metamorphic stages. In Tribolium, it forms partially during embryogenesis. Finally, we present tools for brain research in Tribolium including 3D reconstruction and immunohistochemistry data of first instar brains and the generation of transgenic brain imaging lines. Further, we characterize reporter lines labeling the mushroom bodies and reflecting the expression of the neuroblast marker gene Tc-asense, respectively. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016-04-07 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4896989/ /pubmed/27056385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-016-0542-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Koniszewski, Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Kollmann, Martin Bigham, Mahdiyeh Farnworth, Max He, Bicheng Büscher, Marita Hütteroth, Wolf Binzer, Marlene Schachtner, Joachim Bucher, Gregor
spellingShingle	Koniszewski, Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Kollmann, Martin Bigham, Mahdiyeh Farnworth, Max He, Bicheng Büscher, Marita Hütteroth, Wolf Binzer, Marlene Schachtner, Joachim Bucher, Gregor The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
author_facet	Koniszewski, Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Kollmann, Martin Bigham, Mahdiyeh Farnworth, Max He, Bicheng Büscher, Marita Hütteroth, Wolf Binzer, Marlene Schachtner, Joachim Bucher, Gregor
author_sort	Koniszewski, Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard
title	The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
title_short	The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
title_full	The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
title_fullStr	The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
title_full_unstemmed	The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
title_sort	insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools
description	The adult insect brain is composed of neuropils present in most taxa. However, the relative size, shape, and developmental timing differ between species. This diversity of adult insect brain morphology has been extensively described while the genetic mechanisms of brain development are studied predominantly in Drosophila melanogaster. However, it has remained enigmatic what cellular and genetic mechanisms underlie the evolution of neuropil diversity or heterochronic development. In this perspective paper, we propose a novel approach to study these questions. We suggest using genome editing to mark homologous neural cells in the fly D. melanogaster, the beetle Tribolium castaneum, and the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to investigate developmental differences leading to brain diversification. One interesting aspect is the heterochrony observed in central complex development. Ancestrally, the central complex is formed during embryogenesis (as in Gryllus) but in Drosophila, it arises during late larval and metamorphic stages. In Tribolium, it forms partially during embryogenesis. Finally, we present tools for brain research in Tribolium including 3D reconstruction and immunohistochemistry data of first instar brains and the generation of transgenic brain imaging lines. Further, we characterize reporter lines labeling the mushroom bodies and reflecting the expression of the neuroblast marker gene Tc-asense, respectively.
publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4896989/
_version_	1613590412862160896

The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools

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