Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal

The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a polymorphic trait mediated by the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene. It has long been hypothesized that global genetic diversity at this locus evolved under pervasive pressures from balancing natural selection. Howe...

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Main Authors:	Risso, Davide S., Mezzavilla, Massimo, Pagani, Luca, Robino, Antonietta, Morini, Gabriella, Tofanelli, Sergio, Carrai, Maura, Campa, Daniele, Barale, Roberto, Caradonna, Fabio, Gasparini, Paolo, Luiselli, Donata, Wooding, Stephen, Drayna, Dennis
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Publishing Group 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4853779/

id	pubmed-4853779
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-48537792016-05-16 Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal Risso, Davide S. Mezzavilla, Massimo Pagani, Luca Robino, Antonietta Morini, Gabriella Tofanelli, Sergio Carrai, Maura Campa, Daniele Barale, Roberto Caradonna, Fabio Gasparini, Paolo Luiselli, Donata Wooding, Stephen Drayna, Dennis Article The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a polymorphic trait mediated by the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene. It has long been hypothesized that global genetic diversity at this locus evolved under pervasive pressures from balancing natural selection. However, recent high-resolution population genetic studies of TAS2Rs suggest that demographic events have played a critical role in the evolution of these genes. We here utilized the largest TAS2R38 database yet analyzed, consisting of 5,589 individuals from 105 populations, to examine natural selection, haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium to estimate the effects of both selection and demography on contemporary patterns of variation at this locus. We found signs of an ancient balancing selection acting on this gene but no post Out-Of-Africa departures from neutrality, implying that the current observed patterns of variation can be predominantly explained by demographic, rather than selective events. In addition, we found signatures of ancient selective forces acting on different African TAS2R38 haplotypes. Collectively our results provide evidence for a relaxation of recent selective forces acting on this gene and a revised hypothesis for the origins of the present-day worldwide distribution of TAS2R38 haplotypes. Nature Publishing Group 2016-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4853779/ /pubmed/27138342 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep25506 Text en Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Risso, Davide S. Mezzavilla, Massimo Pagani, Luca Robino, Antonietta Morini, Gabriella Tofanelli, Sergio Carrai, Maura Campa, Daniele Barale, Roberto Caradonna, Fabio Gasparini, Paolo Luiselli, Donata Wooding, Stephen Drayna, Dennis
spellingShingle	Risso, Davide S. Mezzavilla, Massimo Pagani, Luca Robino, Antonietta Morini, Gabriella Tofanelli, Sergio Carrai, Maura Campa, Daniele Barale, Roberto Caradonna, Fabio Gasparini, Paolo Luiselli, Donata Wooding, Stephen Drayna, Dennis Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal
author_facet	Risso, Davide S. Mezzavilla, Massimo Pagani, Luca Robino, Antonietta Morini, Gabriella Tofanelli, Sergio Carrai, Maura Campa, Daniele Barale, Roberto Caradonna, Fabio Gasparini, Paolo Luiselli, Donata Wooding, Stephen Drayna, Dennis
author_sort	Risso, Davide S.
title	Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal
title_short	Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal
title_full	Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal
title_fullStr	Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal
title_full_unstemmed	Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal
title_sort	global diversity in the tas2r38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary proposal
description	The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a polymorphic trait mediated by the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene. It has long been hypothesized that global genetic diversity at this locus evolved under pervasive pressures from balancing natural selection. However, recent high-resolution population genetic studies of TAS2Rs suggest that demographic events have played a critical role in the evolution of these genes. We here utilized the largest TAS2R38 database yet analyzed, consisting of 5,589 individuals from 105 populations, to examine natural selection, haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium to estimate the effects of both selection and demography on contemporary patterns of variation at this locus. We found signs of an ancient balancing selection acting on this gene but no post Out-Of-Africa departures from neutrality, implying that the current observed patterns of variation can be predominantly explained by demographic, rather than selective events. In addition, we found signatures of ancient selective forces acting on different African TAS2R38 haplotypes. Collectively our results provide evidence for a relaxation of recent selective forces acting on this gene and a revised hypothesis for the origins of the present-day worldwide distribution of TAS2R38 haplotypes.
publisher	Nature Publishing Group
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4853779/
_version_	1613574318729461760

Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal

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