Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes

The genus Eucalyptus encloses several species with high ecological and economic value, being the subgenus Symphyomyrtus one of the most important. Species such as E. grandis and E. globulus are well characterized at the molecular level but knowledge regarding genome and chromosome organization is ve...

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Main Authors:	Ribeiro, Teresa, Barrela, Ricardo M., Bergès, Hélène, Marques, Cristina, Loureiro, João, Morais-Cecílio, Leonor, Paiva, Jorge A. P.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4840385/

id	pubmed-4840385
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-48403852016-05-04 Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes Ribeiro, Teresa Barrela, Ricardo M. Bergès, Hélène Marques, Cristina Loureiro, João Morais-Cecílio, Leonor Paiva, Jorge A. P. Plant Science The genus Eucalyptus encloses several species with high ecological and economic value, being the subgenus Symphyomyrtus one of the most important. Species such as E. grandis and E. globulus are well characterized at the molecular level but knowledge regarding genome and chromosome organization is very scarce. Here we characterized and compared the karyotypes of three economically important species, E. grandis, E. globulus, and E. calmadulensis, and three with ecological relevance, E. pulverulenta, E. cornuta, and E. occidentalis, through an integrative approach including genome size estimation, fluorochrome banding, rDNA FISH, and BAC landing comprising genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. All karyotypes show a high degree of conservation with pericentromeric 35S and 5S rDNA loci in the first and third pairs, respectively. GC-rich heterochromatin was restricted to the 35S rDNA locus while the AT-rich heterochromatin pattern was species-specific. The slight differences in karyotype formulas and distribution of AT-rich heterochromatin, along with genome sizes estimations, support the idea of Eucalyptus genome evolution by local expansions of heterochromatin clusters. The unusual co-localization of both rDNA with AT-rich heterochromatin was attributed mainly to the presence of silent transposable elements in those loci. The cinnamoyl CoA reductase gene (CCR1) previously assessed to linkage group 10 (LG10) was clearly localized distally at the long arm of chromosome 9 establishing an unexpected correlation between the cytogenetic chromosome 9 and the LG10. Our work is novel and contributes to the understanding of Eucalyptus genome organization which is essential to develop successful advanced breeding strategies for this genus. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4840385/ /pubmed/27148332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00510 Text en Copyright © 2016 Ribeiro, Barrela, Bergès, Marques, Loureiro, Morais-Cecílio and Paiva. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Ribeiro, Teresa Barrela, Ricardo M. Bergès, Hélène Marques, Cristina Loureiro, João Morais-Cecílio, Leonor Paiva, Jorge A. P.
spellingShingle	Ribeiro, Teresa Barrela, Ricardo M. Bergès, Hélène Marques, Cristina Loureiro, João Morais-Cecílio, Leonor Paiva, Jorge A. P. Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes
author_facet	Ribeiro, Teresa Barrela, Ricardo M. Bergès, Hélène Marques, Cristina Loureiro, João Morais-Cecílio, Leonor Paiva, Jorge A. P.
author_sort	Ribeiro, Teresa
title	Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes
title_short	Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes
title_full	Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes
title_fullStr	Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes
title_full_unstemmed	Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes
title_sort	advancing eucalyptus genomics: cytogenomics reveals conservation of eucalyptus genomes
description	The genus Eucalyptus encloses several species with high ecological and economic value, being the subgenus Symphyomyrtus one of the most important. Species such as E. grandis and E. globulus are well characterized at the molecular level but knowledge regarding genome and chromosome organization is very scarce. Here we characterized and compared the karyotypes of three economically important species, E. grandis, E. globulus, and E. calmadulensis, and three with ecological relevance, E. pulverulenta, E. cornuta, and E. occidentalis, through an integrative approach including genome size estimation, fluorochrome banding, rDNA FISH, and BAC landing comprising genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. All karyotypes show a high degree of conservation with pericentromeric 35S and 5S rDNA loci in the first and third pairs, respectively. GC-rich heterochromatin was restricted to the 35S rDNA locus while the AT-rich heterochromatin pattern was species-specific. The slight differences in karyotype formulas and distribution of AT-rich heterochromatin, along with genome sizes estimations, support the idea of Eucalyptus genome evolution by local expansions of heterochromatin clusters. The unusual co-localization of both rDNA with AT-rich heterochromatin was attributed mainly to the presence of silent transposable elements in those loci. The cinnamoyl CoA reductase gene (CCR1) previously assessed to linkage group 10 (LG10) was clearly localized distally at the long arm of chromosome 9 establishing an unexpected correlation between the cytogenetic chromosome 9 and the LG10. Our work is novel and contributes to the understanding of Eucalyptus genome organization which is essential to develop successful advanced breeding strategies for this genus.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4840385/
_version_	1613569358348419072

Advancing Eucalyptus Genomics: Cytogenomics Reveals Conservation of Eucalyptus Genomes

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