Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Natural killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocyte population to reconstitute following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are important in mediating immunity against both leukemia and pathogens. Although NK cell numbers generally reconstitute within a month, the acquisiti...

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Main Authors:	Ullah, Md Ashik, Hill, Geoffrey R., Tey, Siok-Keen
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831973/

id	pubmed-4831973
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-48319732016-05-04 Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Ullah, Md Ashik Hill, Geoffrey R. Tey, Siok-Keen Immunology Natural killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocyte population to reconstitute following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are important in mediating immunity against both leukemia and pathogens. Although NK cell numbers generally reconstitute within a month, the acquisition of mature NK cell phenotype and full functional competency can take 6 months or more, and is influenced by graft composition, concurrent pharmacologic immunosuppression, graft-versus-host disease, and other clinical factors. In addition, cytomegalovirus infection and reactivation have a dominant effect on NK cell memory imprinting following allogeneic HSCT just as it does in healthy individuals. Our understanding of NK cell education and licensing has evolved in the years since the “missing self” hypothesis for NK-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect was first put forward. For example, we now know that NK cell “re-education” can occur, and that unlicensed NK cells can be more protective than licensed NK cells in certain settings, thus raising new questions about how best to harness graft-versus-leukemia effect. Here, we review current understanding of the functional reconstitution of NK cells and NK cell education following allogeneic HSCT, highlighting a conceptual framework for future research. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4831973/ /pubmed/27148263 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00144 Text en Copyright © 2016 Ullah, Hill and Tey. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Ullah, Md Ashik Hill, Geoffrey R. Tey, Siok-Keen
spellingShingle	Ullah, Md Ashik Hill, Geoffrey R. Tey, Siok-Keen Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
author_facet	Ullah, Md Ashik Hill, Geoffrey R. Tey, Siok-Keen
author_sort	Ullah, Md Ashik
title	Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
title_short	Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
title_full	Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
title_fullStr	Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
title_full_unstemmed	Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
title_sort	functional reconstitution of natural killer cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
description	Natural killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocyte population to reconstitute following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are important in mediating immunity against both leukemia and pathogens. Although NK cell numbers generally reconstitute within a month, the acquisition of mature NK cell phenotype and full functional competency can take 6 months or more, and is influenced by graft composition, concurrent pharmacologic immunosuppression, graft-versus-host disease, and other clinical factors. In addition, cytomegalovirus infection and reactivation have a dominant effect on NK cell memory imprinting following allogeneic HSCT just as it does in healthy individuals. Our understanding of NK cell education and licensing has evolved in the years since the “missing self” hypothesis for NK-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect was first put forward. For example, we now know that NK cell “re-education” can occur, and that unlicensed NK cells can be more protective than licensed NK cells in certain settings, thus raising new questions about how best to harness graft-versus-leukemia effect. Here, we review current understanding of the functional reconstitution of NK cells and NK cell education following allogeneic HSCT, highlighting a conceptual framework for future research.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831973/
_version_	1613566473106620416

Functional Reconstitution of Natural Killer Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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