Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension
Most animals are faced with the challenge of securing food under the risk of predation. This frequently generates a trade-off whereby animals respond to predator cues with reduced movement to avoid predation at the direct cost of reduced foraging success. However, predators may also cause prey to be...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society Publishing
2016
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785975/ |
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pubmed-4785975 |
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pubmed-47859752016-03-18 Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension Siepielski, Adam M. Fallon, Eric Boersma, Kate Biology (Whole Organism) Most animals are faced with the challenge of securing food under the risk of predation. This frequently generates a trade-off whereby animals respond to predator cues with reduced movement to avoid predation at the direct cost of reduced foraging success. However, predators may also cause prey to be apprehensive in their foraging activities, which would generate an indirect ‘apprehension cost’. Apprehension arises when a forager redirects attention from foraging tasks to predator detection and incurs a cost from such multi-tasking, because the forager ends up making more mistakes in its foraging tasks as a result. Here, we test this apprehension cost hypothesis and show that damselflies miss a greater proportion of their prey during foraging bouts in response to both olfactory cues produced by conspecifics that have only viewed a fish predator and olfactory cues produced directly by fish. This reduced feeding efficiency is in addition to the stereotypical anti-predator response of reduced activity, which we also observed. These results show that costs associated with anti-predator responses not only arise through behavioural alterations that reduce the risk of predation, but also from the indirect costs of apprehension and multi-tasking that can reduce feeding efficiency under the threat of predation. The Royal Society Publishing 2016-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4785975/ /pubmed/26998324 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150537 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ © 2016 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Siepielski, Adam M. Fallon, Eric Boersma, Kate |
| spellingShingle |
Siepielski, Adam M. Fallon, Eric Boersma, Kate Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| author_facet |
Siepielski, Adam M. Fallon, Eric Boersma, Kate |
| author_sort |
Siepielski, Adam M. |
| title |
Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| title_short |
Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| title_full |
Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| title_fullStr |
Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| title_sort |
predator olfactory cues generate a foraging–predation trade-off through prey apprehension |
| description |
Most animals are faced with the challenge of securing food under the risk of predation. This frequently generates a trade-off whereby animals respond to predator cues with reduced movement to avoid predation at the direct cost of reduced foraging success. However, predators may also cause prey to be apprehensive in their foraging activities, which would generate an indirect ‘apprehension cost’. Apprehension arises when a forager redirects attention from foraging tasks to predator detection and incurs a cost from such multi-tasking, because the forager ends up making more mistakes in its foraging tasks as a result. Here, we test this apprehension cost hypothesis and show that damselflies miss a greater proportion of their prey during foraging bouts in response to both olfactory cues produced by conspecifics that have only viewed a fish predator and olfactory cues produced directly by fish. This reduced feeding efficiency is in addition to the stereotypical anti-predator response of reduced activity, which we also observed. These results show that costs associated with anti-predator responses not only arise through behavioural alterations that reduce the risk of predation, but also from the indirect costs of apprehension and multi-tasking that can reduce feeding efficiency under the threat of predation. |
| publisher |
The Royal Society Publishing |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785975/ |
| _version_ |
1613550087929069568 |