Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for correct protein folding, a step in protein synthesis that is critical for the functional conformation of proteins. ER stress is a primary feature of secretory cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human disease...
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| Format: | Online |
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MDPI
2016
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783926/ |
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pubmed-47839262016-03-14 Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases Jung, Tae Woo Choi, Kyung Mook Review The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for correct protein folding, a step in protein synthesis that is critical for the functional conformation of proteins. ER stress is a primary feature of secretory cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, such as certain neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a defense mechanism to attenuate ER stress and maintain the homeostasis of the organism. Two major degradation systems, including the proteasome and autophagy, are involved in this defense system. If ER stress overwhelms the capacity of the cell’s defense mechanisms, apoptotic death may result. This review is focused on the various pharmacological modulators that can protect cells from damage induced by ER stress. The possible mechanisms for cytoprotection are also discussed. MDPI 2016-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4783926/ /pubmed/26840310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020192 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Jung, Tae Woo Choi, Kyung Mook |
| spellingShingle |
Jung, Tae Woo Choi, Kyung Mook Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases |
| author_facet |
Jung, Tae Woo Choi, Kyung Mook |
| author_sort |
Jung, Tae Woo |
| title |
Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases |
| title_short |
Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases |
| title_full |
Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases |
| title_fullStr |
Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pharmacological Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases |
| title_sort |
pharmacological modulators of endoplasmic reticulum stress in metabolic diseases |
| description |
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for correct protein folding, a step in protein synthesis that is critical for the functional conformation of proteins. ER stress is a primary feature of secretory cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, such as certain neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a defense mechanism to attenuate ER stress and maintain the homeostasis of the organism. Two major degradation systems, including the proteasome and autophagy, are involved in this defense system. If ER stress overwhelms the capacity of the cell’s defense mechanisms, apoptotic death may result. This review is focused on the various pharmacological modulators that can protect cells from damage induced by ER stress. The possible mechanisms for cytoprotection are also discussed. |
| publisher |
MDPI |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783926/ |
| _version_ |
1613549308884287488 |