Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization

Dendritic spines are mushroom-shaped protrusions of the postsynaptic membrane. Spines receive the majority of glutamatergic synaptic inputs. Their morphology, dynamics, and density have been related to synaptic plasticity and learning. The main determinant of spine shape is filamentous actin. Using...

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Main Authors:	Domínguez-Iturza, Nuria, Calvo, María, Benoist, Marion, Esteban, José Antonio, Morales, Miguel
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4736993/

id	pubmed-4736993
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-47369932016-02-15 Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization Domínguez-Iturza, Nuria Calvo, María Benoist, Marion Esteban, José Antonio Morales, Miguel Research Article Dendritic spines are mushroom-shaped protrusions of the postsynaptic membrane. Spines receive the majority of glutamatergic synaptic inputs. Their morphology, dynamics, and density have been related to synaptic plasticity and learning. The main determinant of spine shape is filamentous actin. Using FRAP, we have reexamined the actin dynamics of individual spines from pyramidal hippocampal neurons, both in cultures and in hippocampal organotypic slices. Our results indicate that, in cultures, the actin mobile fraction is independently regulated at the individual spine level, and mobile fraction values do not correlate with either age or distance from the soma. The most significant factor regulating actin mobile fraction was the presence of astrocytes in the culture substrate. Spines from neurons growing in the virtual absence of astrocytes have a more stable actin cytoskeleton, while spines from neurons growing in close contact with astrocytes show a more dynamic cytoskeleton. According to their recovery time, spines were distributed into two populations with slower and faster recovery times, while spines from slice cultures were grouped into one population. Finally, employing fast lineal acquisition protocols, we confirmed the existence of loci with high polymerization rates within the spine. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4736993/ /pubmed/26881098 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2819107 Text en Copyright © 2016 Nuria Domínguez-Iturza et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Domínguez-Iturza, Nuria Calvo, María Benoist, Marion Esteban, José Antonio Morales, Miguel
spellingShingle	Domínguez-Iturza, Nuria Calvo, María Benoist, Marion Esteban, José Antonio Morales, Miguel Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization
author_facet	Domínguez-Iturza, Nuria Calvo, María Benoist, Marion Esteban, José Antonio Morales, Miguel
author_sort	Domínguez-Iturza, Nuria
title	Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization
title_short	Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization
title_full	Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization
title_fullStr	Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization
title_full_unstemmed	Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization
title_sort	hippocampal dendritic spines are segregated depending on their actin polymerization
description	Dendritic spines are mushroom-shaped protrusions of the postsynaptic membrane. Spines receive the majority of glutamatergic synaptic inputs. Their morphology, dynamics, and density have been related to synaptic plasticity and learning. The main determinant of spine shape is filamentous actin. Using FRAP, we have reexamined the actin dynamics of individual spines from pyramidal hippocampal neurons, both in cultures and in hippocampal organotypic slices. Our results indicate that, in cultures, the actin mobile fraction is independently regulated at the individual spine level, and mobile fraction values do not correlate with either age or distance from the soma. The most significant factor regulating actin mobile fraction was the presence of astrocytes in the culture substrate. Spines from neurons growing in the virtual absence of astrocytes have a more stable actin cytoskeleton, while spines from neurons growing in close contact with astrocytes show a more dynamic cytoskeleton. According to their recovery time, spines were distributed into two populations with slower and faster recovery times, while spines from slice cultures were grouped into one population. Finally, employing fast lineal acquisition protocols, we confirmed the existence of loci with high polymerization rates within the spine.
publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4736993/
_version_	1613532209948393472

Hippocampal Dendritic Spines Are Segregated Depending on Their Actin Polymerization

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