Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-De...
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Public Library of Science
2016
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729672/ |
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pubmed-47296722016-02-04 Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire MacDonald, Kai Thomas, Michael L. Sciolla, Andres F. Schneider, Beacher Pappas, Katherine Bleijenberg, Gijs Bohus, Martin Bekh, Bradley Carpenter, Linda Carr, Alan Dannlowski, Udo Dorahy, Martin Fahlke, Claudia Finzi-Dottan, Ricky Karu, Tobi Gerdner, Arne Glaesmer, Heide Grabe, Hans Jörgen Heins, Marianne Kenny, Dianna T Kim, Daeho Knoop, Hans Lobbestael, Jill Lochner, Christine Lauritzen, Grethe Ravndal, Edle Riggs, Shelley Sar, Vedat Schäfer, Ingo Schlosser, Nicole Schwandt, Melanie L Stein, Murray B Subic-Wrana, Claudia Vogel, Mark Wingenfeld, Katja Research Article Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-Denial (MD) subscale—originally designed to assess a positive response bias—are rarely reported. Hence, little is known about this measure. If response biases are either common or consequential, current practices of ignoring the MD scale deserve revision. Therewith, we designed a study to investigate 3 aspects of minimization, as defined by the CTQ’s MD scale: 1) its prevalence; 2) its latent structure; and finally 3) whether minimization moderates the CTQ’s discriminative validity in terms of distinguishing between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Archival, item-level CTQ data from 24 multinational samples were combined for a total of 19,652 participants. Analyses indicated: 1) minimization is common; 2) minimization functions as a continuous construct; and 3) high MD scores attenuate the ability of the CTQ to distinguish between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Overall, results suggest that a minimizing response bias—as detected by the MD subscale—has a small but significant moderating effect on the CTQ’s discriminative validity. Results also may suggest that some prior analyses of maltreatment rates or the effects of early maltreatment that have used the CTQ may have underestimated its incidence and impact. We caution researchers and clinicians about the widespread practice of using the CTQ without the MD or collecting MD data but failing to assess and control for its effects on outcomes or dependent variables. Public Library of Science 2016-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4729672/ /pubmed/26815788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146058 Text en © 2016 MacDonald et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
MacDonald, Kai Thomas, Michael L. Sciolla, Andres F. Schneider, Beacher Pappas, Katherine Bleijenberg, Gijs Bohus, Martin Bekh, Bradley Carpenter, Linda Carr, Alan Dannlowski, Udo Dorahy, Martin Fahlke, Claudia Finzi-Dottan, Ricky Karu, Tobi Gerdner, Arne Glaesmer, Heide Grabe, Hans Jörgen Heins, Marianne Kenny, Dianna T Kim, Daeho Knoop, Hans Lobbestael, Jill Lochner, Christine Lauritzen, Grethe Ravndal, Edle Riggs, Shelley Sar, Vedat Schäfer, Ingo Schlosser, Nicole Schwandt, Melanie L Stein, Murray B Subic-Wrana, Claudia Vogel, Mark Wingenfeld, Katja |
| spellingShingle |
MacDonald, Kai Thomas, Michael L. Sciolla, Andres F. Schneider, Beacher Pappas, Katherine Bleijenberg, Gijs Bohus, Martin Bekh, Bradley Carpenter, Linda Carr, Alan Dannlowski, Udo Dorahy, Martin Fahlke, Claudia Finzi-Dottan, Ricky Karu, Tobi Gerdner, Arne Glaesmer, Heide Grabe, Hans Jörgen Heins, Marianne Kenny, Dianna T Kim, Daeho Knoop, Hans Lobbestael, Jill Lochner, Christine Lauritzen, Grethe Ravndal, Edle Riggs, Shelley Sar, Vedat Schäfer, Ingo Schlosser, Nicole Schwandt, Melanie L Stein, Murray B Subic-Wrana, Claudia Vogel, Mark Wingenfeld, Katja Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
| author_facet |
MacDonald, Kai Thomas, Michael L. Sciolla, Andres F. Schneider, Beacher Pappas, Katherine Bleijenberg, Gijs Bohus, Martin Bekh, Bradley Carpenter, Linda Carr, Alan Dannlowski, Udo Dorahy, Martin Fahlke, Claudia Finzi-Dottan, Ricky Karu, Tobi Gerdner, Arne Glaesmer, Heide Grabe, Hans Jörgen Heins, Marianne Kenny, Dianna T Kim, Daeho Knoop, Hans Lobbestael, Jill Lochner, Christine Lauritzen, Grethe Ravndal, Edle Riggs, Shelley Sar, Vedat Schäfer, Ingo Schlosser, Nicole Schwandt, Melanie L Stein, Murray B Subic-Wrana, Claudia Vogel, Mark Wingenfeld, Katja |
| author_sort |
MacDonald, Kai |
| title |
Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
| title_short |
Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
| title_full |
Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
| title_fullStr |
Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire |
| title_sort |
minimization of childhood maltreatment is common and consequential: results from a large, multinational sample using the childhood trauma questionnaire |
| description |
Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-Denial (MD) subscale—originally designed to assess a positive response bias—are rarely reported. Hence, little is known about this measure. If response biases are either common or consequential, current practices of ignoring the MD scale deserve revision. Therewith, we designed a study to investigate 3 aspects of minimization, as defined by the CTQ’s MD scale: 1) its prevalence; 2) its latent structure; and finally 3) whether minimization moderates the CTQ’s discriminative validity in terms of distinguishing between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Archival, item-level CTQ data from 24 multinational samples were combined for a total of 19,652 participants. Analyses indicated: 1) minimization is common; 2) minimization functions as a continuous construct; and 3) high MD scores attenuate the ability of the CTQ to distinguish between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Overall, results suggest that a minimizing response bias—as detected by the MD subscale—has a small but significant moderating effect on the CTQ’s discriminative validity. Results also may suggest that some prior analyses of maltreatment rates or the effects of early maltreatment that have used the CTQ may have underestimated its incidence and impact. We caution researchers and clinicians about the widespread practice of using the CTQ without the MD or collecting MD data but failing to assess and control for its effects on outcomes or dependent variables. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729672/ |
| _version_ |
1613529399411343360 |