Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Dramatic increase in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of applications greatly increased the likelihood of the release of NPs into the environment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most commonly used NPs, and it has been shown that ZnO NPs were harmful to several different...

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Main Authors:	Wang, Xiaoping, Yang, Xiyu, Chen, Siyu, Li, Qianqian, Wang, Wei, Hou, Chunjiang, Gao, Xiao, Wang, Li, Wang, Shucai
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4709445/

id	pubmed-4709445
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-47094452016-01-20 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis Wang, Xiaoping Yang, Xiyu Chen, Siyu Li, Qianqian Wang, Wei Hou, Chunjiang Gao, Xiao Wang, Li Wang, Shucai Plant Science Dramatic increase in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of applications greatly increased the likelihood of the release of NPs into the environment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most commonly used NPs, and it has been shown that ZnO NPs were harmful to several different plants. We report here the effects of ZnO NPs exposure on biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. We found that 200 and 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treatments reduced Arabidopsis growth by ∼20 and 80%, respectively, in comparison to the control. Pigments measurement showed that Chlorophyll a and b contents were reduced more than 50%, whereas carotenoid contents remain largely unaffected in 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treated Arabidopsis plants. Consistent with this, net rate of photosynthesis, leaf stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were all reduced more than 50% in 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treated plants. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that expression levels of chlorophyll synthesis genes including CHLOROPHYLL A OXYGENASE (CAO), CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHASE (CHLG), COPPER RESPONSE DEFECT 1 (CRD1), MAGNESIUM-PROTOPORPHYRIN IX METHYLTRANSFERASE (CHLM) and MG-CHELATASE SUBUNIT D (CHLD), and photosystem structure gene PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT D-2 (PSAD2), PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT E-2 (PSAE2), PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT K (PSAK) and PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT K (PSAN) were reduced about five folds in 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treated plants. On the other hand, elevated expression, though to different degrees, of several carotenoids synthesis genes including GERANYLGERANYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 6 (GGPS6), PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY) PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS), and ZETA-CAROTENE DESATURASE (ZDS) were observed in ZnO NPs treated plants. Taken together, these results suggest that toxicity effects of ZnO NPs observed in Arabidopsis was likely due to the inhibition of the expression of chlorophyll synthesis genes and photosystem structure genes, which results in the inhibition of chlorophylls biosynthesis, leading to the reduce in photosynthesis efficiency in the plants. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4709445/ /pubmed/26793220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.01243 Text en Copyright © 2016 Wang, Yang, Chen, Li, Wang, Hou, Gao, Wang and Wang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Wang, Xiaoping Yang, Xiyu Chen, Siyu Li, Qianqian Wang, Wei Hou, Chunjiang Gao, Xiao Wang, Li Wang, Shucai
spellingShingle	Wang, Xiaoping Yang, Xiyu Chen, Siyu Li, Qianqian Wang, Wei Hou, Chunjiang Gao, Xiao Wang, Li Wang, Shucai Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
author_facet	Wang, Xiaoping Yang, Xiyu Chen, Siyu Li, Qianqian Wang, Wei Hou, Chunjiang Gao, Xiao Wang, Li Wang, Shucai
author_sort	Wang, Xiaoping
title	Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
title_short	Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
title_full	Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
title_fullStr	Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
title_full_unstemmed	Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
title_sort	zinc oxide nanoparticles affect biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in arabidopsis
description	Dramatic increase in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of applications greatly increased the likelihood of the release of NPs into the environment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most commonly used NPs, and it has been shown that ZnO NPs were harmful to several different plants. We report here the effects of ZnO NPs exposure on biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. We found that 200 and 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treatments reduced Arabidopsis growth by ∼20 and 80%, respectively, in comparison to the control. Pigments measurement showed that Chlorophyll a and b contents were reduced more than 50%, whereas carotenoid contents remain largely unaffected in 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treated Arabidopsis plants. Consistent with this, net rate of photosynthesis, leaf stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were all reduced more than 50% in 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treated plants. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that expression levels of chlorophyll synthesis genes including CHLOROPHYLL A OXYGENASE (CAO), CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHASE (CHLG), COPPER RESPONSE DEFECT 1 (CRD1), MAGNESIUM-PROTOPORPHYRIN IX METHYLTRANSFERASE (CHLM) and MG-CHELATASE SUBUNIT D (CHLD), and photosystem structure gene PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT D-2 (PSAD2), PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT E-2 (PSAE2), PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT K (PSAK) and PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT K (PSAN) were reduced about five folds in 300 mg/L ZnO NPs treated plants. On the other hand, elevated expression, though to different degrees, of several carotenoids synthesis genes including GERANYLGERANYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 6 (GGPS6), PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY) PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS), and ZETA-CAROTENE DESATURASE (ZDS) were observed in ZnO NPs treated plants. Taken together, these results suggest that toxicity effects of ZnO NPs observed in Arabidopsis was likely due to the inhibition of the expression of chlorophyll synthesis genes and photosystem structure genes, which results in the inhibition of chlorophylls biosynthesis, leading to the reduce in photosynthesis efficiency in the plants.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4709445/
_version_	1613522869858336768

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis

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