Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attentional problems in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been linked with deficits in cognitive control. Whether these deficits are associated with increased sensitivity to external salient stimuli remains unclear. To address this issue, we acquired functional...

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Main Authors:	Tegelbeckers, Jana, Bunzeck, Nico, Duzel, Emrah, Bonath, Björn, Flechtner, Hans-Henning, Krauel, Kerstin
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4670482/

id	pubmed-4670482
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-46704822015-12-11 Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Tegelbeckers, Jana Bunzeck, Nico Duzel, Emrah Bonath, Björn Flechtner, Hans-Henning Krauel, Kerstin Research Articles Attentional problems in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been linked with deficits in cognitive control. Whether these deficits are associated with increased sensitivity to external salient stimuli remains unclear. To address this issue, we acquired functional brain images (fMRI) in 38 boys with and without ADHD (age: 11–16 years). To differentiate the effects of item novelty, contextual rareness and task relevance, participants performed a visual oddball task including four stimulus categories: a frequent standard picture (62.5%), unique novel pictures (12.5%), one repeated rare picture (12.5%), and a target picture (12.5%) that required a specific motor response. As a main finding, we can show considerable overlap in novelty-related BOLD responses between both groups, but only healthy participants showed neural deactivation in temporal as well as frontal regions in response to novel pictures. Furthermore, only ADHD patients, but not healthy controls, engaged wide parts of the novelty network when processing the rare but familiar picture. Our results provide first evidence that ADHD patients show enhanced neural activity in response to novel but behaviorally irrelevant stimuli as well as reduced habituation to familiar items. These findings suggest an inefficient use of neuronal resources in children with ADHD that could be closely linked to increased distractibility. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2049–2060, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2015-06 2015-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4670482/ /pubmed/25648705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22755 Text en © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Tegelbeckers, Jana Bunzeck, Nico Duzel, Emrah Bonath, Björn Flechtner, Hans-Henning Krauel, Kerstin
spellingShingle	Tegelbeckers, Jana Bunzeck, Nico Duzel, Emrah Bonath, Björn Flechtner, Hans-Henning Krauel, Kerstin Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
author_facet	Tegelbeckers, Jana Bunzeck, Nico Duzel, Emrah Bonath, Björn Flechtner, Hans-Henning Krauel, Kerstin
author_sort	Tegelbeckers, Jana
title	Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
title_short	Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
title_full	Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
title_fullStr	Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
title_full_unstemmed	Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
title_sort	altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
description	Attentional problems in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been linked with deficits in cognitive control. Whether these deficits are associated with increased sensitivity to external salient stimuli remains unclear. To address this issue, we acquired functional brain images (fMRI) in 38 boys with and without ADHD (age: 11–16 years). To differentiate the effects of item novelty, contextual rareness and task relevance, participants performed a visual oddball task including four stimulus categories: a frequent standard picture (62.5%), unique novel pictures (12.5%), one repeated rare picture (12.5%), and a target picture (12.5%) that required a specific motor response. As a main finding, we can show considerable overlap in novelty-related BOLD responses between both groups, but only healthy participants showed neural deactivation in temporal as well as frontal regions in response to novel pictures. Furthermore, only ADHD patients, but not healthy controls, engaged wide parts of the novelty network when processing the rare but familiar picture. Our results provide first evidence that ADHD patients show enhanced neural activity in response to novel but behaviorally irrelevant stimuli as well as reduced habituation to familiar items. These findings suggest an inefficient use of neuronal resources in children with ADHD that could be closely linked to increased distractibility. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2049–2060, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4670482/
_version_	1613509829113937920

Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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