Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls

Rice false smut has become an increasingly serious fungal disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. Ustilaginoidins are bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone mycotoxins previously isolated from the rice false smut balls (FSBs) infected by the pathogen Villosiclava virens in rice spikelets on panicles....

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Main Authors:	Meng, Jiajia, Sun, Weibo, Mao, Ziling, Xu, Dan, Wang, Xiaohan, Lu, Shiqiong, Lai, Daowan, Liu, Yang, Zhou, Ligang, Zhang, Guozhen
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626718/

id	pubmed-4626718
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-46267182015-11-12 Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls Meng, Jiajia Sun, Weibo Mao, Ziling Xu, Dan Wang, Xiaohan Lu, Shiqiong Lai, Daowan Liu, Yang Zhou, Ligang Zhang, Guozhen Article Rice false smut has become an increasingly serious fungal disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. Ustilaginoidins are bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone mycotoxins previously isolated from the rice false smut balls (FSBs) infected by the pathogen Villosiclava virens in rice spikelets on panicles. To investigate the main ustilaginoidins and their distribution in rice FSBs, five main bis-naphtho-γ-pyrones, namely ustilaginoidins A (1), G (2), B (3), I (4) and C (5), were isolated and identified by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as by comparison with the data in the literature. The rice FSBs at early, middle and late maturity stages were divided into their different parts and the contents of five main ustilaginoidins for each part were determined by HPLC analysis. The results revealed that the highest levels of ustilaginoidins were in late stage rice FSBs, followed by those at middle stage. Most ustilaginoidins, 96.4% of the total quantity, were distributed in the middle layer at early stage. However, ustilaginoidins were mainly distributed in the outer and middle layers at middle and late stages. Small amounts of ustilaginoidins A (1) and G (2) were found in the inner part of rice FSBs at each maturity stage. The contents of ustilaginoidins A (1) and G (2) without hydroxymethyl groups at C-2 and C-2’ of the γ-pyrone rings in rice FSBs were relatively high at early stage, while the contents of ustilaginoidins B (3), I (4), and C (5) with hydroxymethyl groups at C-2 or C-2’ were relatively high at late stage. MDPI 2015-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4626718/ /pubmed/26473920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7104023 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Meng, Jiajia Sun, Weibo Mao, Ziling Xu, Dan Wang, Xiaohan Lu, Shiqiong Lai, Daowan Liu, Yang Zhou, Ligang Zhang, Guozhen
spellingShingle	Meng, Jiajia Sun, Weibo Mao, Ziling Xu, Dan Wang, Xiaohan Lu, Shiqiong Lai, Daowan Liu, Yang Zhou, Ligang Zhang, Guozhen Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls
author_facet	Meng, Jiajia Sun, Weibo Mao, Ziling Xu, Dan Wang, Xiaohan Lu, Shiqiong Lai, Daowan Liu, Yang Zhou, Ligang Zhang, Guozhen
author_sort	Meng, Jiajia
title	Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls
title_short	Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls
title_full	Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls
title_fullStr	Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls
title_full_unstemmed	Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls
title_sort	main ustilaginoidins and their distribution in rice false smut balls
description	Rice false smut has become an increasingly serious fungal disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. Ustilaginoidins are bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone mycotoxins previously isolated from the rice false smut balls (FSBs) infected by the pathogen Villosiclava virens in rice spikelets on panicles. To investigate the main ustilaginoidins and their distribution in rice FSBs, five main bis-naphtho-γ-pyrones, namely ustilaginoidins A (1), G (2), B (3), I (4) and C (5), were isolated and identified by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as by comparison with the data in the literature. The rice FSBs at early, middle and late maturity stages were divided into their different parts and the contents of five main ustilaginoidins for each part were determined by HPLC analysis. The results revealed that the highest levels of ustilaginoidins were in late stage rice FSBs, followed by those at middle stage. Most ustilaginoidins, 96.4% of the total quantity, were distributed in the middle layer at early stage. However, ustilaginoidins were mainly distributed in the outer and middle layers at middle and late stages. Small amounts of ustilaginoidins A (1) and G (2) were found in the inner part of rice FSBs at each maturity stage. The contents of ustilaginoidins A (1) and G (2) without hydroxymethyl groups at C-2 and C-2’ of the γ-pyrone rings in rice FSBs were relatively high at early stage, while the contents of ustilaginoidins B (3), I (4), and C (5) with hydroxymethyl groups at C-2 or C-2’ were relatively high at late stage.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626718/
_version_	1613495047547781120

Main Ustilaginoidins and Their Distribution in Rice False Smut Balls

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