T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive and highly prevalent disorder. However, in a very large majority of cases, a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for multiple neurodegenerative diseases is involved. Our work focused on whether the immunomodulating effect of glatiramer acetate (GA)...

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Main Authors:	Chen, Li, Yao, Yang, Wei, Changjuan, Sun, Yanan, Ma, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Rongxin, Xu, Xiaolin, Hao, Junwei
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Publishing Group 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585746/

id	pubmed-4585746
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-45857462015-09-29 T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment Chen, Li Yao, Yang Wei, Changjuan Sun, Yanan Ma, Xiaofeng Zhang, Rongxin Xu, Xiaolin Hao, Junwei Article Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive and highly prevalent disorder. However, in a very large majority of cases, a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for multiple neurodegenerative diseases is involved. Our work focused on whether the immunomodulating effect of glatiramer acetate (GA) could restore normalcy to the microenvironment and ameliorate cognitive decline induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We assessed cognitive function by rats’ performance in a Morris water maze (MWM), electrophysiological recordings and by pathologic changes. The results suggest that GA reduced cognitive deficits by reestablishing an optimal microenvironment such as increasing expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and modulating the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the hippocampus. When microenvironmental homeostasis is restored, cholinergic activity becomes involved in ameliorating cellular damage. Since vaccination with GA can boost “protective autoimmunity” in this way, a similar strategy may have therapeutic potential for alleviating VaD disease. Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4585746/ /pubmed/26391515 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14308 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Chen, Li Yao, Yang Wei, Changjuan Sun, Yanan Ma, Xiaofeng Zhang, Rongxin Xu, Xiaolin Hao, Junwei
spellingShingle	Chen, Li Yao, Yang Wei, Changjuan Sun, Yanan Ma, Xiaofeng Zhang, Rongxin Xu, Xiaolin Hao, Junwei T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
author_facet	Chen, Li Yao, Yang Wei, Changjuan Sun, Yanan Ma, Xiaofeng Zhang, Rongxin Xu, Xiaolin Hao, Junwei
author_sort	Chen, Li
title	T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
title_short	T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
title_full	T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
title_fullStr	T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
title_full_unstemmed	T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
title_sort	t cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
description	Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive and highly prevalent disorder. However, in a very large majority of cases, a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for multiple neurodegenerative diseases is involved. Our work focused on whether the immunomodulating effect of glatiramer acetate (GA) could restore normalcy to the microenvironment and ameliorate cognitive decline induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We assessed cognitive function by rats’ performance in a Morris water maze (MWM), electrophysiological recordings and by pathologic changes. The results suggest that GA reduced cognitive deficits by reestablishing an optimal microenvironment such as increasing expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and modulating the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the hippocampus. When microenvironmental homeostasis is restored, cholinergic activity becomes involved in ameliorating cellular damage. Since vaccination with GA can boost “protective autoimmunity” in this way, a similar strategy may have therapeutic potential for alleviating VaD disease.
publisher	Nature Publishing Group
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585746/
_version_	1613480973906739200

T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment

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