The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the 10 smallest molecules found in nature. It is a simple gaseous free radical whose predominant functions is that of a messenger through cGMP. In mammals, NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of which there are three isoforms. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1)...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4565017/ |
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pubmed-4565017 |
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pubmed-45650172015-11-06 The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ Vannini, Federica Kashfi, Khosrow Nath, Niharika Review Article Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the 10 smallest molecules found in nature. It is a simple gaseous free radical whose predominant functions is that of a messenger through cGMP. In mammals, NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of which there are three isoforms. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1) and endothelial (eNOS, NOS3) are constitutive calcium-dependent forms of the enzyme that regulate neural and vascular function respectively. The third isoform (iNOS, NOS2), is calcium-independent and is inducible. In many tumors, iNOS expression is high, however, the role of iNOS during tumor development is very complex and quite perplexing, with both promoting and inhibiting actions having been described. This review will aim to summarize the dual actions of iNOS-derived NO showing that the microenvironment of the tumor is a contributing factor to these observations and ultimately to cellular outcomes. Elsevier 2015-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4565017/ /pubmed/26335399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.009 Text en © 2015 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Vannini, Federica Kashfi, Khosrow Nath, Niharika |
| spellingShingle |
Vannini, Federica Kashfi, Khosrow Nath, Niharika The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ |
| author_facet |
Vannini, Federica Kashfi, Khosrow Nath, Niharika |
| author_sort |
Vannini, Federica |
| title |
The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ |
| title_short |
The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ |
| title_full |
The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ |
| title_fullStr |
The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The dual role of iNOS in cancer☆ |
| title_sort |
dual role of inos in cancer☆ |
| description |
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the 10 smallest molecules found in nature. It is a simple gaseous free radical whose predominant functions is that of a messenger through cGMP. In mammals, NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of which there are three isoforms. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1) and endothelial (eNOS, NOS3) are constitutive calcium-dependent forms of the enzyme that regulate neural and vascular function respectively. The third isoform (iNOS, NOS2), is calcium-independent and is inducible. In many tumors, iNOS expression is high, however, the role of iNOS during tumor development is very complex and quite perplexing, with both promoting and inhibiting actions having been described. This review will aim to summarize the dual actions of iNOS-derived NO showing that the microenvironment of the tumor is a contributing factor to these observations and ultimately to cellular outcomes. |
| publisher |
Elsevier |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4565017/ |
| _version_ |
1613474401635794944 |