Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea

Gambiense trypanosomiasis is considered an anthroponotic disease. Consequently, control programs are generally aimed at stopping transmission of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense) by detecting and treating human cases. However, the persistence of numerous foci despite efforts to eliminat...

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Main Authors:	Cordon-Obras, Carlos, Rodriguez, Yasmin Fermin, Fernandez-Martinez, Amalia, Cano, Jorge, Ndong-Mabale, Nicolas, Ncogo-Ada, Policarpo, Ndongo-Asumu, Pedro, Aparicio, Pilar, Navarro, Miguel, Benito, Agustin, Bart, Jean-Mathieu
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513237/

id	pubmed-4513237
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-45132372015-08-07 Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea Cordon-Obras, Carlos Rodriguez, Yasmin Fermin Fernandez-Martinez, Amalia Cano, Jorge Ndong-Mabale, Nicolas Ncogo-Ada, Policarpo Ndongo-Asumu, Pedro Aparicio, Pilar Navarro, Miguel Benito, Agustin Bart, Jean-Mathieu Microbiology Gambiense trypanosomiasis is considered an anthroponotic disease. Consequently, control programs are generally aimed at stopping transmission of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense) by detecting and treating human cases. However, the persistence of numerous foci despite efforts to eliminate this disease questions this strategy as unique tool to pursue the eradication. The role of animals as a reservoir of T. b. gambiense is still controversial, but could partly explain maintenance of the infection at hypo-endemic levels. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of T. b. gambiense in wild animals in Equatorial Guinea. The infection rate ranged from 0.8% in the insular focus of Luba to more than 12% in Mbini, a focus with a constant trickle of human cases. The parasite was detected in a wide range of animal species including four species never described previously as putative reservoirs. Our study comes to reinforce the hypothesis that animals may play a role in the persistence of T. b. gambiense transmission, being particularly relevant in low transmission settings. Under these conditions the integration of sustained vector control and medical interventions should be considered to achieve the elimination of gambiense trypanosomiasis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4513237/ /pubmed/26257727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00765 Text en Copyright © 2015 Cordon-Obras, Rodriguez, Fernandez-Martinez, Cano, Ndong-Mabale, Ncogo-Ada, Ndongo-Asumu, Aparicio, Navarro, Benito and Bart. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Cordon-Obras, Carlos Rodriguez, Yasmin Fermin Fernandez-Martinez, Amalia Cano, Jorge Ndong-Mabale, Nicolas Ncogo-Ada, Policarpo Ndongo-Asumu, Pedro Aparicio, Pilar Navarro, Miguel Benito, Agustin Bart, Jean-Mathieu
spellingShingle	Cordon-Obras, Carlos Rodriguez, Yasmin Fermin Fernandez-Martinez, Amalia Cano, Jorge Ndong-Mabale, Nicolas Ncogo-Ada, Policarpo Ndongo-Asumu, Pedro Aparicio, Pilar Navarro, Miguel Benito, Agustin Bart, Jean-Mathieu Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea
author_facet	Cordon-Obras, Carlos Rodriguez, Yasmin Fermin Fernandez-Martinez, Amalia Cano, Jorge Ndong-Mabale, Nicolas Ncogo-Ada, Policarpo Ndongo-Asumu, Pedro Aparicio, Pilar Navarro, Miguel Benito, Agustin Bart, Jean-Mathieu
author_sort	Cordon-Obras, Carlos
title	Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea
title_short	Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea
title_full	Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea
title_fullStr	Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea
title_sort	molecular evidence of a trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of equatorial guinea
description	Gambiense trypanosomiasis is considered an anthroponotic disease. Consequently, control programs are generally aimed at stopping transmission of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense) by detecting and treating human cases. However, the persistence of numerous foci despite efforts to eliminate this disease questions this strategy as unique tool to pursue the eradication. The role of animals as a reservoir of T. b. gambiense is still controversial, but could partly explain maintenance of the infection at hypo-endemic levels. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of T. b. gambiense in wild animals in Equatorial Guinea. The infection rate ranged from 0.8% in the insular focus of Luba to more than 12% in Mbini, a focus with a constant trickle of human cases. The parasite was detected in a wide range of animal species including four species never described previously as putative reservoirs. Our study comes to reinforce the hypothesis that animals may play a role in the persistence of T. b. gambiense transmission, being particularly relevant in low transmission settings. Under these conditions the integration of sustained vector control and medical interventions should be considered to achieve the elimination of gambiense trypanosomiasis.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513237/
_version_	1613251556124131328

Molecular evidence of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sylvatic cycle in the human african trypanosomiasis foci of Equatorial Guinea

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