Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013

Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013

Low uptake of routinely recommended adult immunizations is a public health concern. Using data from the peer-reviewed literature, government disease-surveillance programs, and the US Census, we developed a customizable model to estimate human and economic burden caused by four major adult vaccine-pr...

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Main Authors: McLaughlin, John M., McGinnis, Justin J., Tan, Litjen, Mercatante, Annette, Fortuna, Joseph
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Springer US 2015
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486398/
id pubmed-4486398
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-44863982015-07-07 Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013 McLaughlin, John M. McGinnis, Justin J. Tan, Litjen Mercatante, Annette Fortuna, Joseph Original Paper Low uptake of routinely recommended adult immunizations is a public health concern. Using data from the peer-reviewed literature, government disease-surveillance programs, and the US Census, we developed a customizable model to estimate human and economic burden caused by four major adult vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) in 2013 in the United States, and for each US state individually. To estimate the number of cases for each adult VPD for a given population, we multiplied age-specific incidence rates obtained from the literature by age-specific 2013 Census population data. We then multiplied the estimated number of cases for a given population by age-specific, estimated medical and indirect (non-medical) costs per case. Adult VPDs examined were: (1) influenza, (2) pneumococcal disease (both invasive disease and pneumonia), (3) herpes zoster (shingles), and (4) pertussis (whooping cough). Sensitivity analyses simulated the impact of various epidemiological scenarios on the total estimated economic burden. Estimated US annual cost for the four adult VPDs was $26.5 billion (B) among adults aged 50 years and older, $15.3B (58 %) of which was attributable to those 65 and older. Among adults 50 and older, influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, and pertussis made up $16.0B (60 %), $5.1B (19 %), $5.0B (19 %), and $0.4B (2 %) of the cost, respectively. Among those 65 and older, they made up $8.3B (54 %), $3.8B (25 %), $3.0B (20 %), and 0.2B (1 %) of the cost, respectively. Most (80–85 %) pneumococcal costs stemmed from nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NPP). Cost attributable to adult VPD in the United States is substantial. Broadening adult immunization efforts beyond influenza only may help reduce the economic burden of adult VPD, and a pneumococcal vaccination effort, primarily focused on reducing NPP, may constitute a logical starting place. Sensitivity analyses revealed that a pandemic influenza season or change in size of the US elderly population could increase these costs dramatically. Springer US 2015-06-02 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4486398/ /pubmed/26032932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10935-015-0394-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author McLaughlin, John M.
McGinnis, Justin J.
Tan, Litjen
Mercatante, Annette
Fortuna, Joseph
spellingShingle McLaughlin, John M.
McGinnis, Justin J.
Tan, Litjen
Mercatante, Annette
Fortuna, Joseph
Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013
author_facet McLaughlin, John M.
McGinnis, Justin J.
Tan, Litjen
Mercatante, Annette
Fortuna, Joseph
author_sort McLaughlin, John M.
title Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013
title_short Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013
title_full Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013
title_fullStr Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013
title_full_unstemmed Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013
title_sort estimated human and economic burden of four major adult vaccine-preventable diseases in the united states, 2013
description Low uptake of routinely recommended adult immunizations is a public health concern. Using data from the peer-reviewed literature, government disease-surveillance programs, and the US Census, we developed a customizable model to estimate human and economic burden caused by four major adult vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) in 2013 in the United States, and for each US state individually. To estimate the number of cases for each adult VPD for a given population, we multiplied age-specific incidence rates obtained from the literature by age-specific 2013 Census population data. We then multiplied the estimated number of cases for a given population by age-specific, estimated medical and indirect (non-medical) costs per case. Adult VPDs examined were: (1) influenza, (2) pneumococcal disease (both invasive disease and pneumonia), (3) herpes zoster (shingles), and (4) pertussis (whooping cough). Sensitivity analyses simulated the impact of various epidemiological scenarios on the total estimated economic burden. Estimated US annual cost for the four adult VPDs was $26.5 billion (B) among adults aged 50 years and older, $15.3B (58 %) of which was attributable to those 65 and older. Among adults 50 and older, influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, and pertussis made up $16.0B (60 %), $5.1B (19 %), $5.0B (19 %), and $0.4B (2 %) of the cost, respectively. Among those 65 and older, they made up $8.3B (54 %), $3.8B (25 %), $3.0B (20 %), and 0.2B (1 %) of the cost, respectively. Most (80–85 %) pneumococcal costs stemmed from nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NPP). Cost attributable to adult VPD in the United States is substantial. Broadening adult immunization efforts beyond influenza only may help reduce the economic burden of adult VPD, and a pneumococcal vaccination effort, primarily focused on reducing NPP, may constitute a logical starting place. Sensitivity analyses revealed that a pandemic influenza season or change in size of the US elderly population could increase these costs dramatically.
publisher Springer US
publishDate 2015
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486398/
_version_ 1613241976815091712

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