Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia

Cognitive functioning is impaired in patients with schizophrenia, leading to significant disabilities in everyday functioning. Its improvement is an important treatment target. Neurofeedback (NF) seems a promising method to address the neural dysfunctions underlying those cognitive impairments. The...

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Main Authors:	Cordes, Julia S., Mathiak, Krystyna A., Dyck, Miriam, Alawi, Eliza M., Gaber, Tilman J., Zepf, Florian D., Klasen, Martin, Zvyagintsev, Mikhail, Gur, Ruben C., Mathiak, Klaus
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480149/

id	pubmed-4480149
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-44801492015-07-09 Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia Cordes, Julia S. Mathiak, Krystyna A. Dyck, Miriam Alawi, Eliza M. Gaber, Tilman J. Zepf, Florian D. Klasen, Martin Zvyagintsev, Mikhail Gur, Ruben C. Mathiak, Klaus Neuroscience Cognitive functioning is impaired in patients with schizophrenia, leading to significant disabilities in everyday functioning. Its improvement is an important treatment target. Neurofeedback (NF) seems a promising method to address the neural dysfunctions underlying those cognitive impairments. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central hub for cognitive processing, is one of the brain regions known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. Here we conducted NF training based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with schizophrenia to enable them to control their ACC activity. Training was performed over 3 days in a group of 11 patients with schizophrenia and 11 healthy controls. Social feedback was provided in accordance with the evoked activity in the selected region of interest (ROI). Neural and cognitive strategies were examined off-line. Both groups learned to control the activity of their ACC but used different neural strategies: patients activated the dorsal and healthy controls the rostral subdivision. Patients mainly used imagination of music to elicit activity and the control group imagination of sports. In a stepwise regression analysis, the difference in neural control did not result from the differences in cognitive strategies but from diagnosis alone. Based on social reinforcers, patients with schizophrenia can learn to regulate localized brain activity. However, cognitive strategies and neural network location differ from healthy controls. These data emphasize that for therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia compensatory strategies may emerge. Specific cognitive skills or specific dysfunctional networks should be addressed to train impaired skills. Social NF based on fMRI may be one method to accomplish precise learning targets. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4480149/ /pubmed/26161073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00169 Text en Copyright © 2015 Cordes, Mathiak, Dyck, Alawi, Gaber, Zepf, Klasen, Zvyagintsev, Gur and Mathiak. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Cordes, Julia S. Mathiak, Krystyna A. Dyck, Miriam Alawi, Eliza M. Gaber, Tilman J. Zepf, Florian D. Klasen, Martin Zvyagintsev, Mikhail Gur, Ruben C. Mathiak, Klaus
spellingShingle	Cordes, Julia S. Mathiak, Krystyna A. Dyck, Miriam Alawi, Eliza M. Gaber, Tilman J. Zepf, Florian D. Klasen, Martin Zvyagintsev, Mikhail Gur, Ruben C. Mathiak, Klaus Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
author_facet	Cordes, Julia S. Mathiak, Krystyna A. Dyck, Miriam Alawi, Eliza M. Gaber, Tilman J. Zepf, Florian D. Klasen, Martin Zvyagintsev, Mikhail Gur, Ruben C. Mathiak, Klaus
author_sort	Cordes, Julia S.
title	Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
title_short	Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
title_full	Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
title_fullStr	Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed	Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
title_sort	cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fmri neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia
description	Cognitive functioning is impaired in patients with schizophrenia, leading to significant disabilities in everyday functioning. Its improvement is an important treatment target. Neurofeedback (NF) seems a promising method to address the neural dysfunctions underlying those cognitive impairments. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central hub for cognitive processing, is one of the brain regions known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. Here we conducted NF training based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with schizophrenia to enable them to control their ACC activity. Training was performed over 3 days in a group of 11 patients with schizophrenia and 11 healthy controls. Social feedback was provided in accordance with the evoked activity in the selected region of interest (ROI). Neural and cognitive strategies were examined off-line. Both groups learned to control the activity of their ACC but used different neural strategies: patients activated the dorsal and healthy controls the rostral subdivision. Patients mainly used imagination of music to elicit activity and the control group imagination of sports. In a stepwise regression analysis, the difference in neural control did not result from the differences in cognitive strategies but from diagnosis alone. Based on social reinforcers, patients with schizophrenia can learn to regulate localized brain activity. However, cognitive strategies and neural network location differ from healthy controls. These data emphasize that for therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia compensatory strategies may emerge. Specific cognitive skills or specific dysfunctional networks should be addressed to train impaired skills. Social NF based on fMRI may be one method to accomplish precise learning targets.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480149/
_version_	1613240002591850496

Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia

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