Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay

Phototoxicity consists in the capability of certain innocuous molecules to become toxic when subjected to suitable illumination. In order to discover new photoactive drugs or characterize phototoxic pollutants, it would be advantageous to use simple biological tests of phototoxicy. In this work, we...

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Main Authors:	Bianchi, Javier Ignacio, Stockert, Juan Carlos, Buzz, Lucila Ines, Blázquez-Castro, Alfonso, Simonetta, Sergio Hernán
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454604/

id	pubmed-4454604
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-44546042015-06-09 Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay Bianchi, Javier Ignacio Stockert, Juan Carlos Buzz, Lucila Ines Blázquez-Castro, Alfonso Simonetta, Sergio Hernán Research Article Phototoxicity consists in the capability of certain innocuous molecules to become toxic when subjected to suitable illumination. In order to discover new photoactive drugs or characterize phototoxic pollutants, it would be advantageous to use simple biological tests of phototoxicy. In this work, we present a pilot screening of 37 dyes to test for phototoxic effects in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Populations of this nematode were treated with different dyes, and subsequently exposed to 30 min of white light. Behavioral outcomes were quantified by recording the global motility using an infrared tracking device (WMicrotracker). Of the tested compounds, 17 dyes were classified as photoactive, being phloxine B, primuline, eosin Y, acridine orange and rose Bengal the most phototoxic. To assess photoactivity after uptake, compounds were retested after washing them out of the medium before light irradiation. Dye uptake into the worms was also analyzed by staining or fluorescence. All the positive drugs were incorporated by animals and produced phototoxic effects after washing. We also tested the stress response being triggered by the treatments through reporter strains. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response (hsp-4::GFP strain) was activated by 22% of phototoxic dyes, and mitochondrial stress response (hsp-6::GFP strain) was induced by 16% of phototoxic dyes. These results point to a phototoxic perturbation of the protein functionality and an oxidative stress similar to that reported in cell cultures. Our work shows for the first time the feasibility of C. elegans for running phototoxic screenings and underscores its application on photoactive drugs and environmental pollutants assessment. Public Library of Science 2015-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4454604/ /pubmed/26039060 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128898 Text en © 2015 Bianchi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Bianchi, Javier Ignacio Stockert, Juan Carlos Buzz, Lucila Ines Blázquez-Castro, Alfonso Simonetta, Sergio Hernán
spellingShingle	Bianchi, Javier Ignacio Stockert, Juan Carlos Buzz, Lucila Ines Blázquez-Castro, Alfonso Simonetta, Sergio Hernán Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay
author_facet	Bianchi, Javier Ignacio Stockert, Juan Carlos Buzz, Lucila Ines Blázquez-Castro, Alfonso Simonetta, Sergio Hernán
author_sort	Bianchi, Javier Ignacio
title	Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay
title_short	Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay
title_full	Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay
title_fullStr	Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay
title_full_unstemmed	Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay
title_sort	reliable screening of dye phototoxicity by using a caenorhabditis elegans fast bioassay
description	Phototoxicity consists in the capability of certain innocuous molecules to become toxic when subjected to suitable illumination. In order to discover new photoactive drugs or characterize phototoxic pollutants, it would be advantageous to use simple biological tests of phototoxicy. In this work, we present a pilot screening of 37 dyes to test for phototoxic effects in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Populations of this nematode were treated with different dyes, and subsequently exposed to 30 min of white light. Behavioral outcomes were quantified by recording the global motility using an infrared tracking device (WMicrotracker). Of the tested compounds, 17 dyes were classified as photoactive, being phloxine B, primuline, eosin Y, acridine orange and rose Bengal the most phototoxic. To assess photoactivity after uptake, compounds were retested after washing them out of the medium before light irradiation. Dye uptake into the worms was also analyzed by staining or fluorescence. All the positive drugs were incorporated by animals and produced phototoxic effects after washing. We also tested the stress response being triggered by the treatments through reporter strains. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response (hsp-4::GFP strain) was activated by 22% of phototoxic dyes, and mitochondrial stress response (hsp-6::GFP strain) was induced by 16% of phototoxic dyes. These results point to a phototoxic perturbation of the protein functionality and an oxidative stress similar to that reported in cell cultures. Our work shows for the first time the feasibility of C. elegans for running phototoxic screenings and underscores its application on photoactive drugs and environmental pollutants assessment.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454604/
_version_	1613231499208818688

Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay

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