Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA

Chlamydia abortus, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common infectious cause of abortion in small ruminants worldwide and has zoonotic potential. We applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) together with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to genotype 94 rum...

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Main Authors:	Siarkou, Victoria I., Vorimore, Fabien, Vicari, Nadia, Magnino, Simone, Rodolakis, Annie, Pannekoek, Yvonne, Sachse, Konrad, Longbottom, David, Laroucau, Karine
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441495/

id	pubmed-4441495
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-44414952015-05-28 Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA Siarkou, Victoria I. Vorimore, Fabien Vicari, Nadia Magnino, Simone Rodolakis, Annie Pannekoek, Yvonne Sachse, Konrad Longbottom, David Laroucau, Karine Research Article Chlamydia abortus, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common infectious cause of abortion in small ruminants worldwide and has zoonotic potential. We applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) together with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to genotype 94 ruminant C. abortus strains, field isolates and samples collected from 1950 to 2011 in diverse geographic locations, with the aim of delineating C. abortus lineages and clones. MLST revealed the previously identified sequence types (STs) ST19, ST25, ST29 and ST30, plus ST86, a recently-assigned type on the Chlamydiales MLST website and ST87, a novel type harbouring the hemN_21 allele, whereas MLVA recognized seven types (MT1 to MT7). Minimum-spanning-tree analysis suggested that all STs but one (ST30) belonged to a single clonal complex, possibly reflecting the short evolutionary timescale over which the predicted ancestor (ST19) has diversified into three single-locus variants (ST86, ST87 and ST29) and further, through ST86 diversification, into one double-locus variant (ST25). ST descendants have probably arisen through a point mutation evolution mode. Interestingly, MLVA showed that in the ST19 population there was a greater genetic diversity than in other STs, most of which exhibited the same MT over time and geographical distribution. However, the evolutionary pathways of C. abortus STs seem to be diverse across geographic distances with individual STs restricted to particular geographic locations. The ST30 singleton clone displaying geographic specificity and represented by the Greek strains LLG and POS was effectively distinguished from the clonal complex lineage, supporting the notion that possibly two separate host adaptations and hence independent bottlenecks of C. abortus have occurred through time. The combination of MLST and MLVA assays provides an additional level of C. abortus discrimination and may prove useful for the investigation and surveillance of emergent C. abortus clonal populations. Public Library of Science 2015-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4441495/ /pubmed/26001070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126433 Text en © 2015 Siarkou et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Siarkou, Victoria I. Vorimore, Fabien Vicari, Nadia Magnino, Simone Rodolakis, Annie Pannekoek, Yvonne Sachse, Konrad Longbottom, David Laroucau, Karine
spellingShingle	Siarkou, Victoria I. Vorimore, Fabien Vicari, Nadia Magnino, Simone Rodolakis, Annie Pannekoek, Yvonne Sachse, Konrad Longbottom, David Laroucau, Karine Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA
author_facet	Siarkou, Victoria I. Vorimore, Fabien Vicari, Nadia Magnino, Simone Rodolakis, Annie Pannekoek, Yvonne Sachse, Konrad Longbottom, David Laroucau, Karine
author_sort	Siarkou, Victoria I.
title	Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA
title_short	Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA
title_full	Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA
title_fullStr	Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA
title_full_unstemmed	Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA
title_sort	diversification and distribution of ruminant chlamydia abortus clones assessed by mlst and mlva
description	Chlamydia abortus, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common infectious cause of abortion in small ruminants worldwide and has zoonotic potential. We applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) together with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to genotype 94 ruminant C. abortus strains, field isolates and samples collected from 1950 to 2011 in diverse geographic locations, with the aim of delineating C. abortus lineages and clones. MLST revealed the previously identified sequence types (STs) ST19, ST25, ST29 and ST30, plus ST86, a recently-assigned type on the Chlamydiales MLST website and ST87, a novel type harbouring the hemN_21 allele, whereas MLVA recognized seven types (MT1 to MT7). Minimum-spanning-tree analysis suggested that all STs but one (ST30) belonged to a single clonal complex, possibly reflecting the short evolutionary timescale over which the predicted ancestor (ST19) has diversified into three single-locus variants (ST86, ST87 and ST29) and further, through ST86 diversification, into one double-locus variant (ST25). ST descendants have probably arisen through a point mutation evolution mode. Interestingly, MLVA showed that in the ST19 population there was a greater genetic diversity than in other STs, most of which exhibited the same MT over time and geographical distribution. However, the evolutionary pathways of C. abortus STs seem to be diverse across geographic distances with individual STs restricted to particular geographic locations. The ST30 singleton clone displaying geographic specificity and represented by the Greek strains LLG and POS was effectively distinguished from the clonal complex lineage, supporting the notion that possibly two separate host adaptations and hence independent bottlenecks of C. abortus have occurred through time. The combination of MLST and MLVA assays provides an additional level of C. abortus discrimination and may prove useful for the investigation and surveillance of emergent C. abortus clonal populations.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441495/
_version_	1613227023987113984

Diversification and Distribution of Ruminant Chlamydia abortus Clones Assessed by MLST and MLVA

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