Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be applied to induce the feeling of directional virtual head motion by stimulating the vestibular organs electrically. Conventional studies used a two-pole GVS, in which electrodes are placed behind each ear, or a three-pole GVS, in which an additional elect...
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Nature Publishing Group
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pubmed-44266932015-05-21 Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes Aoyama, Kazuma Iizuka, Hiroyuki Ando, Hideyuki Maeda, Taro Article Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be applied to induce the feeling of directional virtual head motion by stimulating the vestibular organs electrically. Conventional studies used a two-pole GVS, in which electrodes are placed behind each ear, or a three-pole GVS, in which an additional electrode is placed on the forehead. These stimulation methods can be used to induce virtual head roll and pitch motions when a subject is looking upright. Here, we proved our hypothesis that there are current paths between the forehead and mastoids in the head and show that our invented GVS system using four electrodes succeeded in inducing directional virtual head motion around three perpendicular axes containing yaw rotation by applying different current patterns. Our novel method produced subjective virtual head yaw motions and evoked yaw rotational body sway in participants. These results support the existence of three isolated current paths located between the mastoids, and between the left and right mastoids and the forehead. Our findings show that by using these current paths, the generation of an additional virtual head yaw motion is possible. Nature Publishing Group 2015-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4426693/ /pubmed/25959790 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10168 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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Open Access Journal |
institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
building |
NCBI PubMed |
collection |
Online Access |
language |
English |
format |
Online |
author |
Aoyama, Kazuma Iizuka, Hiroyuki Ando, Hideyuki Maeda, Taro |
spellingShingle |
Aoyama, Kazuma Iizuka, Hiroyuki Ando, Hideyuki Maeda, Taro Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
author_facet |
Aoyama, Kazuma Iizuka, Hiroyuki Ando, Hideyuki Maeda, Taro |
author_sort |
Aoyama, Kazuma |
title |
Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
title_short |
Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
title_full |
Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
title_fullStr |
Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
title_sort |
four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes |
description |
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be applied to induce the feeling of directional virtual head motion by stimulating the vestibular organs electrically. Conventional studies used a two-pole GVS, in which electrodes are placed behind each ear, or a three-pole GVS, in which an additional electrode is placed on the forehead. These stimulation methods can be used to induce virtual head roll and pitch motions when a subject is looking upright. Here, we proved our hypothesis that there are current paths between the forehead and mastoids in the head and show that our invented GVS system using four electrodes succeeded in inducing directional virtual head motion around three perpendicular axes containing yaw rotation by applying different current patterns. Our novel method produced subjective virtual head yaw motions and evoked yaw rotational body sway in participants. These results support the existence of three isolated current paths located between the mastoids, and between the left and right mastoids and the forehead. Our findings show that by using these current paths, the generation of an additional virtual head yaw motion is possible. |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426693/ |
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1613221625876971520 |