Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity
Anti-neuronal autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) comprises a recently characterized group of immune-mediated disorders that result in limbic, multifocal, or diffuse encephalitis due to direct interaction of autoantibodies with neuronal surface or synaptic proteins. The pathological effects of the autoant...
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| Format: | Online |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413830/ |
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pubmed-44138302015-05-13 Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity Höftberger, Romana Immunology Anti-neuronal autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) comprises a recently characterized group of immune-mediated disorders that result in limbic, multifocal, or diffuse encephalitis due to direct interaction of autoantibodies with neuronal surface or synaptic proteins. The pathological effects of the autoantibodies vary according to the target antigen but when they are removed, neuronal dysfunction is commonly reversed. Ongoing research on AIE constantly increases the number of novel autoantibodies and expands the spectrum of neurological syndromes that are important in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric illness, dementia, or viral encephalitis. This review summarizes recent advances in AIE, focusing on pathogenetic mechanisms and novel associations with other CNS disorders such as neurodegeneration, relapsing symptoms post-herpes simplex virus encephalitis, and demyelinating diseases. In addition, an algorithmic approach to detect and characterize neuronal cell surface autoantibodies is proposed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4413830/ /pubmed/25972873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00206 Text en Copyright © 2015 Höftberger. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Höftberger, Romana |
| spellingShingle |
Höftberger, Romana Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity |
| author_facet |
Höftberger, Romana |
| author_sort |
Höftberger, Romana |
| title |
Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity |
| title_short |
Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity |
| title_full |
Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity |
| title_fullStr |
Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Neuroimmunology: An Expanding Frontier in Autoimmunity |
| title_sort |
neuroimmunology: an expanding frontier in autoimmunity |
| description |
Anti-neuronal autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) comprises a recently characterized group of immune-mediated disorders that result in limbic, multifocal, or diffuse encephalitis due to direct interaction of autoantibodies with neuronal surface or synaptic proteins. The pathological effects of the autoantibodies vary according to the target antigen but when they are removed, neuronal dysfunction is commonly reversed. Ongoing research on AIE constantly increases the number of novel autoantibodies and expands the spectrum of neurological syndromes that are important in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric illness, dementia, or viral encephalitis. This review summarizes recent advances in AIE, focusing on pathogenetic mechanisms and novel associations with other CNS disorders such as neurodegeneration, relapsing symptoms post-herpes simplex virus encephalitis, and demyelinating diseases. In addition, an algorithmic approach to detect and characterize neuronal cell surface autoantibodies is proposed. |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413830/ |
| _version_ |
1613217197905149952 |