Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases

Several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy, but most studies have been cross-sectional or of relatively few time points. Levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead-based assay on archived serum from a cohort of preg...

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Main Authors:	Holtan, Shernan G., Chen, Yiyi, Kaimal, Rajani, Creedon, Douglas J., Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L., Nevala, Wendy K., Markovic, Svetomir N.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381731/

id	pubmed-4381731
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-43817312015-04-12 Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases Holtan, Shernan G. Chen, Yiyi Kaimal, Rajani Creedon, Douglas J. Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L. Nevala, Wendy K. Markovic, Svetomir N. Research Article Several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy, but most studies have been cross-sectional or of relatively few time points. Levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead-based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant women (N = 16) at median of 18 time points tested, from the first trimester through to parturition, per woman. Unconditional growth modeling was then used to determine time-dependent changes in levels of these cytokines. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC, aka CCL22) decreases as pregnancy progresses. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IP-10, and FLT3-ligand increase as a function of gestational weeks, and IFNα2, IL-1ra, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, and soluble CD40 ligand increase as a function of trimester. As pregnancy normally progresses, a maternal shift away from a type 2-biased immune response and toward an inflammatory/counterregulatory response is observed. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4381731/ /pubmed/25866828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/952571 Text en Copyright © 2015 Shernan G. Holtan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Holtan, Shernan G. Chen, Yiyi Kaimal, Rajani Creedon, Douglas J. Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L. Nevala, Wendy K. Markovic, Svetomir N.
spellingShingle	Holtan, Shernan G. Chen, Yiyi Kaimal, Rajani Creedon, Douglas J. Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L. Nevala, Wendy K. Markovic, Svetomir N. Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases
author_facet	Holtan, Shernan G. Chen, Yiyi Kaimal, Rajani Creedon, Douglas J. Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L. Nevala, Wendy K. Markovic, Svetomir N.
author_sort	Holtan, Shernan G.
title	Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases
title_short	Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases
title_full	Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases
title_fullStr	Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases
title_full_unstemmed	Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases
title_sort	growth modeling of the maternal cytokine milieu throughout normal pregnancy: macrophage-derived chemokine decreases as inflammation/counterregulation increases
description	Several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy, but most studies have been cross-sectional or of relatively few time points. Levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead-based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant women (N = 16) at median of 18 time points tested, from the first trimester through to parturition, per woman. Unconditional growth modeling was then used to determine time-dependent changes in levels of these cytokines. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC, aka CCL22) decreases as pregnancy progresses. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IP-10, and FLT3-ligand increase as a function of gestational weeks, and IFNα2, IL-1ra, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, and soluble CD40 ligand increase as a function of trimester. As pregnancy normally progresses, a maternal shift away from a type 2-biased immune response and toward an inflammatory/counterregulatory response is observed.
publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381731/
_version_	1613206338103410688

Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases

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