The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts

It is increasingly clear that we extract patterns of temporal regularity between events to optimize information processing. The ability to extract temporal patterns and regularity of events is referred as temporal expectation. Temporal expectation activates the same cerebral network usually engaged...

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Main Authors:	Avanzino, Laura, Bove, Marco, Pelosin, Elisa, Ogliastro, Carla, Lagravinese, Giovanna, Martino, Davide
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4331528/

id	pubmed-4331528
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-43315282015-02-24 The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts Avanzino, Laura Bove, Marco Pelosin, Elisa Ogliastro, Carla Lagravinese, Giovanna Martino, Davide Research Article It is increasingly clear that we extract patterns of temporal regularity between events to optimize information processing. The ability to extract temporal patterns and regularity of events is referred as temporal expectation. Temporal expectation activates the same cerebral network usually engaged in action selection, comprising cerebellum. However, it is unclear whether the cerebellum is directly involved in temporal expectation, when timing information is processed to make predictions on the outcome of a motor act. Healthy volunteers received one session of either active (inhibitory, 1Hz) or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation covering the right lateral cerebellum prior the execution of a temporal expectation task. Subjects were asked to predict the end of a visually perceived human body motion (right hand handwriting) and of an inanimate object motion (a moving circle reaching a target). Videos representing movements were shown in full; the actual tasks consisted of watching the same videos, but interrupted after a variable interval from its onset by a dark interval of variable duration. During the ‘dark’ interval, subjects were asked to indicate when the movement represented in the video reached its end by clicking on the spacebar of the keyboard. Performance on the timing task was analyzed measuring the absolute value of timing error, the coefficient of variability and the percentage of anticipation responses. The active group exhibited greater absolute timing error compared with the sham group only in the human body motion task. Our findings suggest that the cerebellum is engaged in cognitive and perceptual domains that are strictly connected to motor control. Public Library of Science 2015-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4331528/ /pubmed/25689858 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116607 Text en © 2015 Avanzino et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Avanzino, Laura Bove, Marco Pelosin, Elisa Ogliastro, Carla Lagravinese, Giovanna Martino, Davide
spellingShingle	Avanzino, Laura Bove, Marco Pelosin, Elisa Ogliastro, Carla Lagravinese, Giovanna Martino, Davide The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts
author_facet	Avanzino, Laura Bove, Marco Pelosin, Elisa Ogliastro, Carla Lagravinese, Giovanna Martino, Davide
author_sort	Avanzino, Laura
title	The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts
title_short	The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts
title_full	The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts
title_fullStr	The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts
title_full_unstemmed	The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts
title_sort	cerebellum predicts the temporal consequences of observed motor acts
description	It is increasingly clear that we extract patterns of temporal regularity between events to optimize information processing. The ability to extract temporal patterns and regularity of events is referred as temporal expectation. Temporal expectation activates the same cerebral network usually engaged in action selection, comprising cerebellum. However, it is unclear whether the cerebellum is directly involved in temporal expectation, when timing information is processed to make predictions on the outcome of a motor act. Healthy volunteers received one session of either active (inhibitory, 1Hz) or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation covering the right lateral cerebellum prior the execution of a temporal expectation task. Subjects were asked to predict the end of a visually perceived human body motion (right hand handwriting) and of an inanimate object motion (a moving circle reaching a target). Videos representing movements were shown in full; the actual tasks consisted of watching the same videos, but interrupted after a variable interval from its onset by a dark interval of variable duration. During the ‘dark’ interval, subjects were asked to indicate when the movement represented in the video reached its end by clicking on the spacebar of the keyboard. Performance on the timing task was analyzed measuring the absolute value of timing error, the coefficient of variability and the percentage of anticipation responses. The active group exhibited greater absolute timing error compared with the sham group only in the human body motion task. Our findings suggest that the cerebellum is engaged in cognitive and perceptual domains that are strictly connected to motor control.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4331528/
_version_	1613189398895001600

The Cerebellum Predicts the Temporal Consequences of Observed Motor Acts

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