Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs

Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among...

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Main Authors:	Megel, Cyrille, Morelle, Geoffrey, Lalande, Stéphanie, Duchêne, Anne-Marie, Small, Ian, Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307339/

id	pubmed-4307339
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-43073392015-02-02 Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs Megel, Cyrille Morelle, Geoffrey Lalande, Stéphanie Duchêne, Anne-Marie Small, Ian Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence Review Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among the most stable molecules. Nevertheless, they are not eternal. As key elements of cell function, tRNAs need to be continuously quality-controlled. Two tRNA surveillance pathways have been identified. They act on hypo-modified or mis-processed pre-tRNAs and on mature tRNAs lacking modifications. A short overview of these two pathways will be presented here. Furthermore, while the exoribonucleases acting in these pathways ultimately lead to complete tRNA degradation, numerous tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are present within a cell. These cleavage products of tRNAs now potentially emerge as a new class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and are suspected to have important regulatory functions. The tRFs are evolutionarily widespread and created by cleavage at different positions by various endonucleases. Here, we review our present knowledge on the biogenesis and function of tRFs in various organisms. MDPI 2015-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4307339/ /pubmed/25599528 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011873 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Megel, Cyrille Morelle, Geoffrey Lalande, Stéphanie Duchêne, Anne-Marie Small, Ian Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
spellingShingle	Megel, Cyrille Morelle, Geoffrey Lalande, Stéphanie Duchêne, Anne-Marie Small, Ian Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
author_facet	Megel, Cyrille Morelle, Geoffrey Lalande, Stéphanie Duchêne, Anne-Marie Small, Ian Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
author_sort	Megel, Cyrille
title	Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_short	Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_full	Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_fullStr	Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_full_unstemmed	Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_sort	surveillance and cleavage of eukaryotic trnas
description	Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among the most stable molecules. Nevertheless, they are not eternal. As key elements of cell function, tRNAs need to be continuously quality-controlled. Two tRNA surveillance pathways have been identified. They act on hypo-modified or mis-processed pre-tRNAs and on mature tRNAs lacking modifications. A short overview of these two pathways will be presented here. Furthermore, while the exoribonucleases acting in these pathways ultimately lead to complete tRNA degradation, numerous tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are present within a cell. These cleavage products of tRNAs now potentially emerge as a new class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and are suspected to have important regulatory functions. The tRFs are evolutionarily widespread and created by cleavage at different positions by various endonucleases. Here, we review our present knowledge on the biogenesis and function of tRFs in various organisms.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307339/
_version_	1613181050932953088

Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs

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