Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea
The human cochlea shows considerable interindividual variability in size and morphology. In order to develop atraumatic cochlear implant (CI) electrodes, high-precision details of the variability of human anatomy are required. Sixteen human temporal bones were cut around the cochlea in blocks of app...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
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BlackWell Publishing Ltd
2014
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265794/ |
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pubmed-42657942014-12-31 Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea Avci, Ersin Nauwelaers, Tim Lenarz, Thomas Hamacher, Volkmar Kral, Andrej Research Articles The human cochlea shows considerable interindividual variability in size and morphology. In order to develop atraumatic cochlear implant (CI) electrodes, high-precision details of the variability of human anatomy are required. Sixteen human temporal bones were cut around the cochlea in blocks of approximately 3.5 × 3.5 cm. The bones were scanned by using a Skyscan 1173 micro-computed tomography (μCT) device. Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was used to segment out the scala tympani (ST) from the μCT images. A three-dimensional surface model of the segmented area was generated for each cochlea. Cross-sectional images were taken and analyzed by custom-designed software in MATLAB. Comparison of different STs showed large variability in cross-sectional diameter (CSD), vertical trajectory, and height of the ST. Relative standard deviations of the CSD were between 9 and 15%. Heights measured at the center of the ST exceeded those in the modiolar and lateral regions of the scala. At the lateral region, the height decreased significantly at the beginning of the second turn. In the vertical trajectory, critical anatomic features were observed, such as dips, vertical jumps, and peaks. Rosenthal's canal (RC) extended to between 560 and 650°. We found a correlation between the length of the RC and that of the ST. The ST was segmented and the internal dimensions measured by using μCT. We observed large dimensional variability between different STs. These differences could have considerable implications for approaches to the design of CI arrays, especially in terms of their ability to preserve residual hearing during insertion of the electrode array. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3245–3261, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014-10-01 2014-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4265794/ /pubmed/24668424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.23594 Text en © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Avci, Ersin Nauwelaers, Tim Lenarz, Thomas Hamacher, Volkmar Kral, Andrej |
| spellingShingle |
Avci, Ersin Nauwelaers, Tim Lenarz, Thomas Hamacher, Volkmar Kral, Andrej Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| author_facet |
Avci, Ersin Nauwelaers, Tim Lenarz, Thomas Hamacher, Volkmar Kral, Andrej |
| author_sort |
Avci, Ersin |
| title |
Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| title_short |
Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| title_full |
Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| title_fullStr |
Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| title_sort |
variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea |
| description |
The human cochlea shows considerable interindividual variability in size and morphology. In order to develop atraumatic cochlear implant (CI) electrodes, high-precision details of the variability of human anatomy are required. Sixteen human temporal bones were cut around the cochlea in blocks of approximately 3.5 × 3.5 cm. The bones were scanned by using a Skyscan 1173 micro-computed tomography (μCT) device. Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was used to segment out the scala tympani (ST) from the μCT images. A three-dimensional surface model of the segmented area was generated for each cochlea. Cross-sectional images were taken and analyzed by custom-designed software in MATLAB. Comparison of different STs showed large variability in cross-sectional diameter (CSD), vertical trajectory, and height of the ST. Relative standard deviations of the CSD were between 9 and 15%. Heights measured at the center of the ST exceeded those in the modiolar and lateral regions of the scala. At the lateral region, the height decreased significantly at the beginning of the second turn. In the vertical trajectory, critical anatomic features were observed, such as dips, vertical jumps, and peaks. Rosenthal's canal (RC) extended to between 560 and 650°. We found a correlation between the length of the RC and that of the ST. The ST was segmented and the internal dimensions measured by using μCT. We observed large dimensional variability between different STs. These differences could have considerable implications for approaches to the design of CI arrays, especially in terms of their ability to preserve residual hearing during insertion of the electrode array. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3245–3261, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| publisher |
BlackWell Publishing Ltd |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265794/ |
| _version_ |
1613167462146113536 |