Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers

Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that most humans infected with Echinococcus spp. exhibit resistance to disease. When infection leads to disease, the parasite is partially controlled by host immunity: in case of immunocompetence, the normal alveolar echinococcosis (AE) or cystic echinococco...

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Main Authors: Gottstein, Bruno, Wang, Junhua, Blagosklonov, Oleg, Grenouillet, Frédéric, Millon, Laurence, Vuitton, Dominique A., Müller, Norbert
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: EDP Sciences 2014
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245873/
id pubmed-4245873
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-42458732014-12-08 Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers Gottstein, Bruno Wang, Junhua Blagosklonov, Oleg Grenouillet, Frédéric Millon, Laurence Vuitton, Dominique A. Müller, Norbert Review Article Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that most humans infected with Echinococcus spp. exhibit resistance to disease. When infection leads to disease, the parasite is partially controlled by host immunity: in case of immunocompetence, the normal alveolar echinococcosis (AE) or cystic echinococcosis (CE) situation, the metacestode grows slowly, and first clinical signs appear years after infection; in case of impaired immunity (AIDS; other immunodeficiencies), uncontrolled proliferation of the metacestode leads to rapidly progressing disease. Assessing Echinococcus multilocularis viability in vivo following therapeutic interventions in AE patients may be of tremendous benefit when compared with the invasive procedures used to perform biopsies. Current options are F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), which visualizes periparasitic inflammation due to the metabolic activity of the metacestode, and measurement of antibodies against recEm18, a viability-associated protein, that rapidly regresses upon metacestode inactivation. For Echinococcus granulosus, similar prognosis-associated follow-up parameters are still lacking but a few candidates may be listed. Other possible markers include functional and diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and measurement of products from the parasite (circulating antigens or DNA), and from the host (inflammation markers, cytokines, or chemokines). Even though some of them have been promising in pilot studies, none has been properly validated in an appropriate number of patients until now to be recommended for further use in clinical settings. There is therefore still a need to develop reliable tools for improved viability assessment to provide the sufficient information needed to reliably withdraw anti-parasite benzimidazole chemotherapy, and a basis for the development of new alternative therapeutic tools. EDP Sciences 2014 2014-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4245873/ /pubmed/25429386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2014063 Text en © B. Gottstein et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Gottstein, Bruno
Wang, Junhua
Blagosklonov, Oleg
Grenouillet, Frédéric
Millon, Laurence
Vuitton, Dominique A.
Müller, Norbert
spellingShingle Gottstein, Bruno
Wang, Junhua
Blagosklonov, Oleg
Grenouillet, Frédéric
Millon, Laurence
Vuitton, Dominique A.
Müller, Norbert
Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
author_facet Gottstein, Bruno
Wang, Junhua
Blagosklonov, Oleg
Grenouillet, Frédéric
Millon, Laurence
Vuitton, Dominique A.
Müller, Norbert
author_sort Gottstein, Bruno
title Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
title_short Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
title_full Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
title_fullStr Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
title_full_unstemmed Echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
title_sort echinococcus metacestode: in search of viability markers
description Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that most humans infected with Echinococcus spp. exhibit resistance to disease. When infection leads to disease, the parasite is partially controlled by host immunity: in case of immunocompetence, the normal alveolar echinococcosis (AE) or cystic echinococcosis (CE) situation, the metacestode grows slowly, and first clinical signs appear years after infection; in case of impaired immunity (AIDS; other immunodeficiencies), uncontrolled proliferation of the metacestode leads to rapidly progressing disease. Assessing Echinococcus multilocularis viability in vivo following therapeutic interventions in AE patients may be of tremendous benefit when compared with the invasive procedures used to perform biopsies. Current options are F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), which visualizes periparasitic inflammation due to the metabolic activity of the metacestode, and measurement of antibodies against recEm18, a viability-associated protein, that rapidly regresses upon metacestode inactivation. For Echinococcus granulosus, similar prognosis-associated follow-up parameters are still lacking but a few candidates may be listed. Other possible markers include functional and diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and measurement of products from the parasite (circulating antigens or DNA), and from the host (inflammation markers, cytokines, or chemokines). Even though some of them have been promising in pilot studies, none has been properly validated in an appropriate number of patients until now to be recommended for further use in clinical settings. There is therefore still a need to develop reliable tools for improved viability assessment to provide the sufficient information needed to reliably withdraw anti-parasite benzimidazole chemotherapy, and a basis for the development of new alternative therapeutic tools.
publisher EDP Sciences
publishDate 2014
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245873/
_version_ 1613161401680920576

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