Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

In traditional Chinese medicine, Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) and its bioactive ingredient, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), have been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and to relieve various neurological symptoms, such as those associated with ischemic injury. In the present study, we investiga...

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Main Authors:	Zhang, Chunbing, Teng, Fengmeng, Tu, Juan, Zhang, Dong
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237497/

id	pubmed-4237497
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-42374972014-11-21 Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Zhang, Chunbing Teng, Fengmeng Tu, Juan Zhang, Dong Research Article In traditional Chinese medicine, Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) and its bioactive ingredient, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), have been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and to relieve various neurological symptoms, such as those associated with ischemic injury. In the present study, we investigated whether ultrasound (US) exposure could enhance the protective effect of TMP against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutamate-induced toxicity to pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was used to model I/R injury. TMP was paired with US to examine whether this combination could alleviate glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The administration of TMP effectively protected cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis, which could be further enhanced by US-mediated sonoporation. The anti-apoptotic effect of TMP was associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and a change in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. Furthermore, TMP reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8, which likely also contributes to its cytoprotective effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that ultrasound-enhanced TMP treatment might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Further study is required to optimize ultrasound treatment parameters. Public Library of Science 2014-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4237497/ /pubmed/25409029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113673 Text en © 2014 Zhang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Zhang, Chunbing Teng, Fengmeng Tu, Juan Zhang, Dong
spellingShingle	Zhang, Chunbing Teng, Fengmeng Tu, Juan Zhang, Dong Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
author_facet	Zhang, Chunbing Teng, Fengmeng Tu, Juan Zhang, Dong
author_sort	Zhang, Chunbing
title	Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
title_short	Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
title_full	Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
title_fullStr	Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
title_full_unstemmed	Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
title_sort	ultrasound-enhanced protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
description	In traditional Chinese medicine, Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) and its bioactive ingredient, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), have been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and to relieve various neurological symptoms, such as those associated with ischemic injury. In the present study, we investigated whether ultrasound (US) exposure could enhance the protective effect of TMP against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutamate-induced toxicity to pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was used to model I/R injury. TMP was paired with US to examine whether this combination could alleviate glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The administration of TMP effectively protected cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis, which could be further enhanced by US-mediated sonoporation. The anti-apoptotic effect of TMP was associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and a change in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. Furthermore, TMP reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8, which likely also contributes to its cytoprotective effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that ultrasound-enhanced TMP treatment might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Further study is required to optimize ultrasound treatment parameters.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237497/
_version_	1613158736629596160

Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

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