Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery

Gamma knife surgery (GKS) is used for the treatment of various brain diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying brain injury following irradiation remain to be elucidated. Given that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is closely associated with pathological angiogenesis and the permeability...

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Main Authors:	CHENG, LEI, MA, LIN, REN, HECHENG, ZHAO, HONGWEI, PANG, YIQIANG, WANG, YONGHENG, WEI, MING
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	D.A. Spandidos 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214336/

id	pubmed-4214336
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-42143362014-10-30 Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery CHENG, LEI MA, LIN REN, HECHENG ZHAO, HONGWEI PANG, YIQIANG WANG, YONGHENG WEI, MING Articles Gamma knife surgery (GKS) is used for the treatment of various brain diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying brain injury following irradiation remain to be elucidated. Given that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is closely associated with pathological angiogenesis and the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), the present study was designed to analyze temporal alterations in VEGF expression in the cerebral cortex and the effect of VEGF on cerebral edema in rats following GKS. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to GKS at maximum doses of 60 Gy. Animals were sacrificed between 4 and 24 weeks after GKS. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed for detecting VEGF expression. The vessel density was measured by CD31+ cell count and vascular structures were examined using electron microscopy. Brain water content and BBB permeability were measured in the present study. VEGF expression in the irradiated cortex progressively increased until 16 weeks after GKS when the maximal expression was reached, and then gradually decreased to the control level 24 weeks after GKS. These findings were confirmed by RT-PCR. A mild decrease in vessel density was observed 4 weeks after GKS, followed by an increase in vessel density between 8 and 20 weeks later. Furthermore, previous studies also demonstrated vascular damage, opening of the BBB and an increase in brain water content occurring simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, these data demonstrated for the first time dynamic changes in VEGF expression following GKS and also suggest the importance of VEGF expression in pathological angiogenesis and edema formation following GKS. D.A. Spandidos 2014-11 2014-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4214336/ /pubmed/25176344 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2520 Text en Copyright © 2014, Spandidos Publications http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	CHENG, LEI MA, LIN REN, HECHENG ZHAO, HONGWEI PANG, YIQIANG WANG, YONGHENG WEI, MING
spellingShingle	CHENG, LEI MA, LIN REN, HECHENG ZHAO, HONGWEI PANG, YIQIANG WANG, YONGHENG WEI, MING Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
author_facet	CHENG, LEI MA, LIN REN, HECHENG ZHAO, HONGWEI PANG, YIQIANG WANG, YONGHENG WEI, MING
author_sort	CHENG, LEI
title	Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
title_short	Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
title_full	Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
title_fullStr	Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
title_full_unstemmed	Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
title_sort	alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery
description	Gamma knife surgery (GKS) is used for the treatment of various brain diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying brain injury following irradiation remain to be elucidated. Given that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is closely associated with pathological angiogenesis and the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), the present study was designed to analyze temporal alterations in VEGF expression in the cerebral cortex and the effect of VEGF on cerebral edema in rats following GKS. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to GKS at maximum doses of 60 Gy. Animals were sacrificed between 4 and 24 weeks after GKS. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed for detecting VEGF expression. The vessel density was measured by CD31+ cell count and vascular structures were examined using electron microscopy. Brain water content and BBB permeability were measured in the present study. VEGF expression in the irradiated cortex progressively increased until 16 weeks after GKS when the maximal expression was reached, and then gradually decreased to the control level 24 weeks after GKS. These findings were confirmed by RT-PCR. A mild decrease in vessel density was observed 4 weeks after GKS, followed by an increase in vessel density between 8 and 20 weeks later. Furthermore, previous studies also demonstrated vascular damage, opening of the BBB and an increase in brain water content occurring simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, these data demonstrated for the first time dynamic changes in VEGF expression following GKS and also suggest the importance of VEGF expression in pathological angiogenesis and edema formation following GKS.
publisher	D.A. Spandidos
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214336/
_version_	1613150416341565440

Alterations in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat brain following gamma knife surgery

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