Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria

Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria

New Caledonia is a global biodiversity hotspot. Hypotheses for its biotic richness suggest either that the island is a ‘museum’ for an old Gondwana biota or alternatively it has developed following relatively recent long distance dispersal and in situ radiation. The conifer genus Araucaria (Araucari...

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Main Authors: Kranitz, Mai Lan, Biffin, Edward, Clark, Alexandra, Hollingsworth, Michelle L., Ruhsam, Markus, Gardner, Martin F., Thomas, Philip, Mill, Robert R., Ennos, Richard A., Gaudeul, Myriam, Lowe, Andrew J., Hollingsworth, Peter M.
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207703/
id pubmed-4207703
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-42077032014-10-27 Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria Kranitz, Mai Lan Biffin, Edward Clark, Alexandra Hollingsworth, Michelle L. Ruhsam, Markus Gardner, Martin F. Thomas, Philip Mill, Robert R. Ennos, Richard A. Gaudeul, Myriam Lowe, Andrew J. Hollingsworth, Peter M. Research Article New Caledonia is a global biodiversity hotspot. Hypotheses for its biotic richness suggest either that the island is a ‘museum’ for an old Gondwana biota or alternatively it has developed following relatively recent long distance dispersal and in situ radiation. The conifer genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) comprises 19 species globally with 13 endemic to this island. With a typically Gondwanan distribution, Araucaria is particularly well suited to testing alternative biogeographic hypotheses concerning the origins of New Caledonian biota. We derived phylogenetic estimates using 11 plastid and rDNA ITS2 sequence data for a complete sampling of Araucaria (including multiple accessions of each of the 13 New Caledonian Araucaria species). In addition, we developed a dataset comprising 4 plastid regions for a wider taxon sample to facilitate fossil based molecular dating. Following statistical analyses to identify a credible and internally consistent set of fossil constraints, divergence times estimated using a Bayesian relaxed clock approach were contrasted with geological scenarios to explore the biogeographic history of Araucaria. The phylogenetic data resolve relationships within Araucariaceae and among the main lineages in Araucaria, but provide limited resolution within the monophyletic New Caledonian species group. Divergence time estimates suggest a Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic radiation of extant Araucaria and a Neogene radiation of the New Caledonian lineage. A molecular timescale for the evolution of Araucariaceae supports a relatively recent radiation, and suggests that earlier (pre-Cenozoic) fossil types assigned to Araucaria may have affinities elsewhere in Araucariaceae. While additional data will be required to adequately resolve relationships among the New Caledonian species, their recent origin is consistent with overwater dispersal following Eocene emersion of New Caledonia but is too old to support a single dispersal from Australia to Norfolk Island for the radiation of the Pacific Araucaria sect. Eutacta clade. Public Library of Science 2014-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4207703/ /pubmed/25340350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110308 Text en © 2014 Kranitz et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Kranitz, Mai Lan
Biffin, Edward
Clark, Alexandra
Hollingsworth, Michelle L.
Ruhsam, Markus
Gardner, Martin F.
Thomas, Philip
Mill, Robert R.
Ennos, Richard A.
Gaudeul, Myriam
Lowe, Andrew J.
Hollingsworth, Peter M.
spellingShingle Kranitz, Mai Lan
Biffin, Edward
Clark, Alexandra
Hollingsworth, Michelle L.
Ruhsam, Markus
Gardner, Martin F.
Thomas, Philip
Mill, Robert R.
Ennos, Richard A.
Gaudeul, Myriam
Lowe, Andrew J.
Hollingsworth, Peter M.
Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria
author_facet Kranitz, Mai Lan
Biffin, Edward
Clark, Alexandra
Hollingsworth, Michelle L.
Ruhsam, Markus
Gardner, Martin F.
Thomas, Philip
Mill, Robert R.
Ennos, Richard A.
Gaudeul, Myriam
Lowe, Andrew J.
Hollingsworth, Peter M.
author_sort Kranitz, Mai Lan
title Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria
title_short Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria
title_full Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria
title_fullStr Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria
title_full_unstemmed Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria
title_sort evolutionary diversification of new caledonian araucaria
description New Caledonia is a global biodiversity hotspot. Hypotheses for its biotic richness suggest either that the island is a ‘museum’ for an old Gondwana biota or alternatively it has developed following relatively recent long distance dispersal and in situ radiation. The conifer genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) comprises 19 species globally with 13 endemic to this island. With a typically Gondwanan distribution, Araucaria is particularly well suited to testing alternative biogeographic hypotheses concerning the origins of New Caledonian biota. We derived phylogenetic estimates using 11 plastid and rDNA ITS2 sequence data for a complete sampling of Araucaria (including multiple accessions of each of the 13 New Caledonian Araucaria species). In addition, we developed a dataset comprising 4 plastid regions for a wider taxon sample to facilitate fossil based molecular dating. Following statistical analyses to identify a credible and internally consistent set of fossil constraints, divergence times estimated using a Bayesian relaxed clock approach were contrasted with geological scenarios to explore the biogeographic history of Araucaria. The phylogenetic data resolve relationships within Araucariaceae and among the main lineages in Araucaria, but provide limited resolution within the monophyletic New Caledonian species group. Divergence time estimates suggest a Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic radiation of extant Araucaria and a Neogene radiation of the New Caledonian lineage. A molecular timescale for the evolution of Araucariaceae supports a relatively recent radiation, and suggests that earlier (pre-Cenozoic) fossil types assigned to Araucaria may have affinities elsewhere in Araucariaceae. While additional data will be required to adequately resolve relationships among the New Caledonian species, their recent origin is consistent with overwater dispersal following Eocene emersion of New Caledonia but is too old to support a single dispersal from Australia to Norfolk Island for the radiation of the Pacific Araucaria sect. Eutacta clade.
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2014
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207703/
_version_ 1613148212721352704

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