Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause enterically-transmitted hepatitis in humans. The zoonotic nature of Hepatitis E infections has been established in industrialized areas and domestic pigs are considered as the main reservoir. The dynamics of transmission in pig herds therefore needs to be understood...

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Main Authors:	Andraud, Mathieu, Dumarest, Marine, Cariolet, Roland, Aylaj, Bouchra, Barnaud, Elodie, Eono, Florent, Pavio, Nicole, Rose, Nicolas
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	BioMed Central 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176089/

id	pubmed-4176089
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-41760892014-10-23 Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs Andraud, Mathieu Dumarest, Marine Cariolet, Roland Aylaj, Bouchra Barnaud, Elodie Eono, Florent Pavio, Nicole Rose, Nicolas Research Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause enterically-transmitted hepatitis in humans. The zoonotic nature of Hepatitis E infections has been established in industrialized areas and domestic pigs are considered as the main reservoir. The dynamics of transmission in pig herds therefore needs to be understood to reduce the prevalence of viremic pigs at slaughter and prevent contaminated pig products from entering the food chain. An experimental trial was carried out to study the main characteristics of HEV transmission between orally inoculated pigs and naïve animals. A mathematical model was used to investigate three transmission routes, namely direct contact between pigs and two environmental components to represent within-and between-group oro-fecal transmission. A large inter-individual variability was observed in response to infection with an average latent period lasting 6.9 days (5.8; 7.9) in inoculated animals and an average infectious period of 9.7 days (8.2; 11.2). Our results show that direct transmission alone, with a partial reproduction number of 1.41 (0.21; 3.02), can be considered as a factor of persistence of infection within a population. However, the quantity of virus present in the environment was found to play an essential role in the transmission process strongly influencing the probability of infection with a within pen transmission rate estimated to 2 ⋅ 10− 6g ge− 1d− 1(1 ⋅ 10− 7; 7 ⋅ 10− 6). Between-pen environmental transmission occurred to a lesser extent (transmission rate: 7 ⋅ 10− 8g ge− 1d− 1(5 ⋅ 10− 9; 3 ⋅ 10− 7) but could further generate a within-group process. The combination of these transmission routes could explain the persistence and high prevalence of HEV in pig populations. BioMed Central 2013 2013-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4176089/ /pubmed/24165278 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-102 Text en Copyright © 2013 Andraud et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Andraud, Mathieu Dumarest, Marine Cariolet, Roland Aylaj, Bouchra Barnaud, Elodie Eono, Florent Pavio, Nicole Rose, Nicolas
spellingShingle	Andraud, Mathieu Dumarest, Marine Cariolet, Roland Aylaj, Bouchra Barnaud, Elodie Eono, Florent Pavio, Nicole Rose, Nicolas Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs
author_facet	Andraud, Mathieu Dumarest, Marine Cariolet, Roland Aylaj, Bouchra Barnaud, Elodie Eono, Florent Pavio, Nicole Rose, Nicolas
author_sort	Andraud, Mathieu
title	Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs
title_short	Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs
title_full	Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs
title_fullStr	Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs
title_full_unstemmed	Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs
title_sort	direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for hev transmission in pigs
description	Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause enterically-transmitted hepatitis in humans. The zoonotic nature of Hepatitis E infections has been established in industrialized areas and domestic pigs are considered as the main reservoir. The dynamics of transmission in pig herds therefore needs to be understood to reduce the prevalence of viremic pigs at slaughter and prevent contaminated pig products from entering the food chain. An experimental trial was carried out to study the main characteristics of HEV transmission between orally inoculated pigs and naïve animals. A mathematical model was used to investigate three transmission routes, namely direct contact between pigs and two environmental components to represent within-and between-group oro-fecal transmission. A large inter-individual variability was observed in response to infection with an average latent period lasting 6.9 days (5.8; 7.9) in inoculated animals and an average infectious period of 9.7 days (8.2; 11.2). Our results show that direct transmission alone, with a partial reproduction number of 1.41 (0.21; 3.02), can be considered as a factor of persistence of infection within a population. However, the quantity of virus present in the environment was found to play an essential role in the transmission process strongly influencing the probability of infection with a within pen transmission rate estimated to 2 ⋅ 10− 6g ge− 1d− 1(1 ⋅ 10− 7; 7 ⋅ 10− 6). Between-pen environmental transmission occurred to a lesser extent (transmission rate: 7 ⋅ 10− 8g ge− 1d− 1(5 ⋅ 10− 9; 3 ⋅ 10− 7) but could further generate a within-group process. The combination of these transmission routes could explain the persistence and high prevalence of HEV in pig populations.
publisher	BioMed Central
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176089/
_version_	1613137630450417664

Direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for HEV transmission in pigs

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