Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000 year old farmer from Germany and eight ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analyzed these and other ancient genomes1–4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated...

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Main Authors:	Lazaridis, Iosif, Patterson, Nick, Mittnik, Alissa, Renaud, Gabriel, Mallick, Swapan, Kirsanow, Karola, Sudmant, Peter H., Schraiber, Joshua G., Castellano, Sergi, Lipson, Mark, Berger, Bonnie, Economou, Christos, Bollongino, Ruth, Fu, Qiaomei, Bos, Kirsten I., Nordenfelt, Susanne, Li, Heng, de Filippo, Cesare, Prüfer, Kay, Sawyer, Susanna, Posth, Cosimo, Haak, Wolfgang, Hallgren, Fredrik, Fornander, Elin, Rohland, Nadin, Delsate, Dominique, Francken, Michael, Guinet, Jean-Michel, Wahl, Joachim, Ayodo, George, Babiker, Hamza A., Bailliet, Graciela, Balanovska, Elena, Balanovsky, Oleg, Barrantes, Ramiro, Bedoya, Gabriel, Ben-Ami, Haim, Bene, Judit, Berrada, Fouad, Bravi, Claudio M., Brisighelli, Francesca, Busby, George B. J., Cali, Francesco, Churnosov, Mikhail, Cole, David E. C., Corach, Daniel, Damba, Larissa, van Driem, George, Dryomov, Stanislav, Dugoujon, Jean-Michel, Fedorova, Sardana A., Romero, Irene Gallego, Gubina, Marina, Hammer, Michael, Henn, Brenna M., Hervig, Tor, Hodoglugil, Ugur, Jha, Aashish R., Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khusainova, Rita, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kittles, Rick, Kivisild, Toomas, Klitz, William, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Kushniarevich, Alena, Laredj, Leila, Litvinov, Sergey, Loukidis, Theologos, Mahley, Robert W., Melegh, Béla, Metspalu, Ene, Molina, Julio, Mountain, Joanna, Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti, Nesheva, Desislava, Nyambo, Thomas, Osipova, Ludmila, Parik, Jüri, Platonov, Fedor, Posukh, Olga, Romano, Valentino, Rothhammer, Francisco, Rudan, Igor, Ruizbakiev, Ruslan, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Sajantila, Antti, Salas, Antonio, Starikovskaya, Elena B., Tarekegn, Ayele, Toncheva, Draga, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Uktveryte, Ingrida, Utevska, Olga, Vasquez, René, Villena, Mercedes, Voevoda, Mikhail, Winkler, Cheryl, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Zalloua, Pierre, Zemunik, Tatijana, Cooper, Alan, Capelli, Cristian, Thomas, Mark G., Ruiz-Linares, Andres, Tishkoff, Sarah A., Singh, Lalji, Thangaraj, Kumarasamy, Villems, Richard, Comas, David, Sukernik, Rem, Metspalu, Mait, Meyer, Matthias, Eichler, Evan E., Burger, Joachim, Slatkin, Montgomery, Pääbo, Svante, Kelso, Janet, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170574/

id	pubmed-4170574
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-41705742015-03-18 Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans Lazaridis, Iosif Patterson, Nick Mittnik, Alissa Renaud, Gabriel Mallick, Swapan Kirsanow, Karola Sudmant, Peter H. Schraiber, Joshua G. Castellano, Sergi Lipson, Mark Berger, Bonnie Economou, Christos Bollongino, Ruth Fu, Qiaomei Bos, Kirsten I. Nordenfelt, Susanne Li, Heng de Filippo, Cesare Prüfer, Kay Sawyer, Susanna Posth, Cosimo Haak, Wolfgang Hallgren, Fredrik Fornander, Elin Rohland, Nadin Delsate, Dominique Francken, Michael Guinet, Jean-Michel Wahl, Joachim Ayodo, George Babiker, Hamza A. Bailliet, Graciela Balanovska, Elena Balanovsky, Oleg Barrantes, Ramiro Bedoya, Gabriel Ben-Ami, Haim Bene, Judit Berrada, Fouad Bravi, Claudio M. Brisighelli, Francesca Busby, George B. J. Cali, Francesco Churnosov, Mikhail Cole, David E. C. Corach, Daniel Damba, Larissa van Driem, George Dryomov, Stanislav Dugoujon, Jean-Michel Fedorova, Sardana A. Romero, Irene Gallego Gubina, Marina Hammer, Michael Henn, Brenna M. Hervig, Tor Hodoglugil, Ugur Jha, Aashish R. Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Khusainova, Rita Khusnutdinova, Elza Kittles, Rick Kivisild, Toomas Klitz, William Kučinskas, Vaidutis Kushniarevich, Alena Laredj, Leila Litvinov, Sergey Loukidis, Theologos Mahley, Robert W. Melegh, Béla Metspalu, Ene Molina, Julio Mountain, Joanna Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti Nesheva, Desislava Nyambo, Thomas Osipova, Ludmila Parik, Jüri Platonov, Fedor Posukh, Olga Romano, Valentino Rothhammer, Francisco Rudan, Igor Ruizbakiev, Ruslan Sahakyan, Hovhannes Sajantila, Antti Salas, Antonio Starikovskaya, Elena B. Tarekegn, Ayele Toncheva, Draga Turdikulova, Shahlo Uktveryte, Ingrida Utevska, Olga Vasquez, René Villena, Mercedes Voevoda, Mikhail Winkler, Cheryl Yepiskoposyan, Levon Zalloua, Pierre Zemunik, Tatijana Cooper, Alan Capelli, Cristian Thomas, Mark G. Ruiz-Linares, Andres Tishkoff, Sarah A. Singh, Lalji Thangaraj, Kumarasamy Villems, Richard Comas, David Sukernik, Rem Metspalu, Mait Meyer, Matthias Eichler, Evan E. Burger, Joachim Slatkin, Montgomery Pääbo, Svante Kelso, Janet Reich, David Krause, Johannes Article We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000 year old farmer from Germany and eight ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analyzed these and other ancient genomes1–4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships and show that EEF had ~44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian” population that split prior to the diversification of other non-African lineages. 2014-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4170574/ /pubmed/25230663 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13673 Text en http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Lazaridis, Iosif Patterson, Nick Mittnik, Alissa Renaud, Gabriel Mallick, Swapan Kirsanow, Karola Sudmant, Peter H. Schraiber, Joshua G. Castellano, Sergi Lipson, Mark Berger, Bonnie Economou, Christos Bollongino, Ruth Fu, Qiaomei Bos, Kirsten I. Nordenfelt, Susanne Li, Heng de Filippo, Cesare Prüfer, Kay Sawyer, Susanna Posth, Cosimo Haak, Wolfgang Hallgren, Fredrik Fornander, Elin Rohland, Nadin Delsate, Dominique Francken, Michael Guinet, Jean-Michel Wahl, Joachim Ayodo, George Babiker, Hamza A. Bailliet, Graciela Balanovska, Elena Balanovsky, Oleg Barrantes, Ramiro Bedoya, Gabriel Ben-Ami, Haim Bene, Judit Berrada, Fouad Bravi, Claudio M. Brisighelli, Francesca Busby, George B. J. Cali, Francesco Churnosov, Mikhail Cole, David E. C. Corach, Daniel Damba, Larissa van Driem, George Dryomov, Stanislav Dugoujon, Jean-Michel Fedorova, Sardana A. Romero, Irene Gallego Gubina, Marina Hammer, Michael Henn, Brenna M. Hervig, Tor Hodoglugil, Ugur Jha, Aashish R. Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Khusainova, Rita Khusnutdinova, Elza Kittles, Rick Kivisild, Toomas Klitz, William Kučinskas, Vaidutis Kushniarevich, Alena Laredj, Leila Litvinov, Sergey Loukidis, Theologos Mahley, Robert W. Melegh, Béla Metspalu, Ene Molina, Julio Mountain, Joanna Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti Nesheva, Desislava Nyambo, Thomas Osipova, Ludmila Parik, Jüri Platonov, Fedor Posukh, Olga Romano, Valentino Rothhammer, Francisco Rudan, Igor Ruizbakiev, Ruslan Sahakyan, Hovhannes Sajantila, Antti Salas, Antonio Starikovskaya, Elena B. Tarekegn, Ayele Toncheva, Draga Turdikulova, Shahlo Uktveryte, Ingrida Utevska, Olga Vasquez, René Villena, Mercedes Voevoda, Mikhail Winkler, Cheryl Yepiskoposyan, Levon Zalloua, Pierre Zemunik, Tatijana Cooper, Alan Capelli, Cristian Thomas, Mark G. Ruiz-Linares, Andres Tishkoff, Sarah A. Singh, Lalji Thangaraj, Kumarasamy Villems, Richard Comas, David Sukernik, Rem Metspalu, Mait Meyer, Matthias Eichler, Evan E. Burger, Joachim Slatkin, Montgomery Pääbo, Svante Kelso, Janet Reich, David Krause, Johannes
spellingShingle	Lazaridis, Iosif Patterson, Nick Mittnik, Alissa Renaud, Gabriel Mallick, Swapan Kirsanow, Karola Sudmant, Peter H. Schraiber, Joshua G. Castellano, Sergi Lipson, Mark Berger, Bonnie Economou, Christos Bollongino, Ruth Fu, Qiaomei Bos, Kirsten I. Nordenfelt, Susanne Li, Heng de Filippo, Cesare Prüfer, Kay Sawyer, Susanna Posth, Cosimo Haak, Wolfgang Hallgren, Fredrik Fornander, Elin Rohland, Nadin Delsate, Dominique Francken, Michael Guinet, Jean-Michel Wahl, Joachim Ayodo, George Babiker, Hamza A. Bailliet, Graciela Balanovska, Elena Balanovsky, Oleg Barrantes, Ramiro Bedoya, Gabriel Ben-Ami, Haim Bene, Judit Berrada, Fouad Bravi, Claudio M. Brisighelli, Francesca Busby, George B. J. Cali, Francesco Churnosov, Mikhail Cole, David E. C. Corach, Daniel Damba, Larissa van Driem, George Dryomov, Stanislav Dugoujon, Jean-Michel Fedorova, Sardana A. Romero, Irene Gallego Gubina, Marina Hammer, Michael Henn, Brenna M. Hervig, Tor Hodoglugil, Ugur Jha, Aashish R. Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Khusainova, Rita Khusnutdinova, Elza Kittles, Rick Kivisild, Toomas Klitz, William Kučinskas, Vaidutis Kushniarevich, Alena Laredj, Leila Litvinov, Sergey Loukidis, Theologos Mahley, Robert W. Melegh, Béla Metspalu, Ene Molina, Julio Mountain, Joanna Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti Nesheva, Desislava Nyambo, Thomas Osipova, Ludmila Parik, Jüri Platonov, Fedor Posukh, Olga Romano, Valentino Rothhammer, Francisco Rudan, Igor Ruizbakiev, Ruslan Sahakyan, Hovhannes Sajantila, Antti Salas, Antonio Starikovskaya, Elena B. Tarekegn, Ayele Toncheva, Draga Turdikulova, Shahlo Uktveryte, Ingrida Utevska, Olga Vasquez, René Villena, Mercedes Voevoda, Mikhail Winkler, Cheryl Yepiskoposyan, Levon Zalloua, Pierre Zemunik, Tatijana Cooper, Alan Capelli, Cristian Thomas, Mark G. Ruiz-Linares, Andres Tishkoff, Sarah A. Singh, Lalji Thangaraj, Kumarasamy Villems, Richard Comas, David Sukernik, Rem Metspalu, Mait Meyer, Matthias Eichler, Evan E. Burger, Joachim Slatkin, Montgomery Pääbo, Svante Kelso, Janet Reich, David Krause, Johannes Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
author_facet	Lazaridis, Iosif Patterson, Nick Mittnik, Alissa Renaud, Gabriel Mallick, Swapan Kirsanow, Karola Sudmant, Peter H. Schraiber, Joshua G. Castellano, Sergi Lipson, Mark Berger, Bonnie Economou, Christos Bollongino, Ruth Fu, Qiaomei Bos, Kirsten I. Nordenfelt, Susanne Li, Heng de Filippo, Cesare Prüfer, Kay Sawyer, Susanna Posth, Cosimo Haak, Wolfgang Hallgren, Fredrik Fornander, Elin Rohland, Nadin Delsate, Dominique Francken, Michael Guinet, Jean-Michel Wahl, Joachim Ayodo, George Babiker, Hamza A. Bailliet, Graciela Balanovska, Elena Balanovsky, Oleg Barrantes, Ramiro Bedoya, Gabriel Ben-Ami, Haim Bene, Judit Berrada, Fouad Bravi, Claudio M. Brisighelli, Francesca Busby, George B. J. Cali, Francesco Churnosov, Mikhail Cole, David E. C. Corach, Daniel Damba, Larissa van Driem, George Dryomov, Stanislav Dugoujon, Jean-Michel Fedorova, Sardana A. Romero, Irene Gallego Gubina, Marina Hammer, Michael Henn, Brenna M. Hervig, Tor Hodoglugil, Ugur Jha, Aashish R. Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Khusainova, Rita Khusnutdinova, Elza Kittles, Rick Kivisild, Toomas Klitz, William Kučinskas, Vaidutis Kushniarevich, Alena Laredj, Leila Litvinov, Sergey Loukidis, Theologos Mahley, Robert W. Melegh, Béla Metspalu, Ene Molina, Julio Mountain, Joanna Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti Nesheva, Desislava Nyambo, Thomas Osipova, Ludmila Parik, Jüri Platonov, Fedor Posukh, Olga Romano, Valentino Rothhammer, Francisco Rudan, Igor Ruizbakiev, Ruslan Sahakyan, Hovhannes Sajantila, Antti Salas, Antonio Starikovskaya, Elena B. Tarekegn, Ayele Toncheva, Draga Turdikulova, Shahlo Uktveryte, Ingrida Utevska, Olga Vasquez, René Villena, Mercedes Voevoda, Mikhail Winkler, Cheryl Yepiskoposyan, Levon Zalloua, Pierre Zemunik, Tatijana Cooper, Alan Capelli, Cristian Thomas, Mark G. Ruiz-Linares, Andres Tishkoff, Sarah A. Singh, Lalji Thangaraj, Kumarasamy Villems, Richard Comas, David Sukernik, Rem Metspalu, Mait Meyer, Matthias Eichler, Evan E. Burger, Joachim Slatkin, Montgomery Pääbo, Svante Kelso, Janet Reich, David Krause, Johannes
author_sort	Lazaridis, Iosif
title	Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
title_short	Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
title_full	Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
title_fullStr	Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
title_full_unstemmed	Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
title_sort	ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day europeans
description	We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000 year old farmer from Germany and eight ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analyzed these and other ancient genomes1–4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships and show that EEF had ~44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian” population that split prior to the diversification of other non-African lineages.
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170574/
_version_	1613135887699279872

Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

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