Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They?
The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyar...
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| Format: | Online |
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Oxford University Press
2014
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166171/ |
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pubmed-41661712014-12-01 Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? Carvalho, Raquel N. Arukwe, Augustine Ait-Aissa, Selim Bado-Nilles, Anne Balzamo, Stefania Baun, Anders Belkin, Shimshon Blaha, Ludek Brion, François Conti, Daniela Creusot, Nicolas Essig, Yona Ferrero, Valentina E. V. Flander-Putrle, Vesna Fürhacker, Maria Grillari-Voglauer, Regina Hogstrand, Christer Jonáš, Adam Kharlyngdoh, Joubert B. Loos, Robert Lundebye, Anne-Katrine Modig, Carina Olsson, Per-Erik Pillai, Smitha Polak, Natasa Potalivo, Monica Sanchez, Wilfried Schifferli, Andrea Schirmer, Kristin Sforzini, Susanna Stürzenbaum, Stephen R. Søfteland, Liv Turk, Valentina Viarengo, Aldo Werner, Inge Yagur-Kroll, Sharon Zounková, Radka Lettieri, Teresa Safety of Chemical Mixtures The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations. Oxford University Press 2014-09-12 2014-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4166171/ /pubmed/24958932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfu118 Text en © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Toxicological Sciences. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Carvalho, Raquel N. Arukwe, Augustine Ait-Aissa, Selim Bado-Nilles, Anne Balzamo, Stefania Baun, Anders Belkin, Shimshon Blaha, Ludek Brion, François Conti, Daniela Creusot, Nicolas Essig, Yona Ferrero, Valentina E. V. Flander-Putrle, Vesna Fürhacker, Maria Grillari-Voglauer, Regina Hogstrand, Christer Jonáš, Adam Kharlyngdoh, Joubert B. Loos, Robert Lundebye, Anne-Katrine Modig, Carina Olsson, Per-Erik Pillai, Smitha Polak, Natasa Potalivo, Monica Sanchez, Wilfried Schifferli, Andrea Schirmer, Kristin Sforzini, Susanna Stürzenbaum, Stephen R. Søfteland, Liv Turk, Valentina Viarengo, Aldo Werner, Inge Yagur-Kroll, Sharon Zounková, Radka Lettieri, Teresa |
| spellingShingle |
Carvalho, Raquel N. Arukwe, Augustine Ait-Aissa, Selim Bado-Nilles, Anne Balzamo, Stefania Baun, Anders Belkin, Shimshon Blaha, Ludek Brion, François Conti, Daniela Creusot, Nicolas Essig, Yona Ferrero, Valentina E. V. Flander-Putrle, Vesna Fürhacker, Maria Grillari-Voglauer, Regina Hogstrand, Christer Jonáš, Adam Kharlyngdoh, Joubert B. Loos, Robert Lundebye, Anne-Katrine Modig, Carina Olsson, Per-Erik Pillai, Smitha Polak, Natasa Potalivo, Monica Sanchez, Wilfried Schifferli, Andrea Schirmer, Kristin Sforzini, Susanna Stürzenbaum, Stephen R. Søfteland, Liv Turk, Valentina Viarengo, Aldo Werner, Inge Yagur-Kroll, Sharon Zounková, Radka Lettieri, Teresa Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? |
| author_facet |
Carvalho, Raquel N. Arukwe, Augustine Ait-Aissa, Selim Bado-Nilles, Anne Balzamo, Stefania Baun, Anders Belkin, Shimshon Blaha, Ludek Brion, François Conti, Daniela Creusot, Nicolas Essig, Yona Ferrero, Valentina E. V. Flander-Putrle, Vesna Fürhacker, Maria Grillari-Voglauer, Regina Hogstrand, Christer Jonáš, Adam Kharlyngdoh, Joubert B. Loos, Robert Lundebye, Anne-Katrine Modig, Carina Olsson, Per-Erik Pillai, Smitha Polak, Natasa Potalivo, Monica Sanchez, Wilfried Schifferli, Andrea Schirmer, Kristin Sforzini, Susanna Stürzenbaum, Stephen R. Søfteland, Liv Turk, Valentina Viarengo, Aldo Werner, Inge Yagur-Kroll, Sharon Zounková, Radka Lettieri, Teresa |
| author_sort |
Carvalho, Raquel N. |
| title |
Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? |
| title_short |
Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? |
| title_full |
Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? |
| title_fullStr |
Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They? |
| title_sort |
mixtures of chemical pollutants at european legislation safety concentrations: how safe are they? |
| description |
The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations. |
| publisher |
Oxford University Press |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166171/ |
| _version_ |
1613134577647222784 |