Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line

The F9 cell line, which was derived from a mouse testicular teratoma that originated from pluripotent germ cells, has been used as a model for differentiation. However, it is largely unknown whether F9 cells possess the characteristics of male germ cells. In the present study, we investigated sperma...

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Main Authors:	Kwon, Jun Tae, Jin, Sora, Choi, Heejin, Kim, Jihye, Jeong, Juri, Kim, Jaehwan, Kim, Youil, Cho, Byung-Nam, Cho, Chunghee
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143169/

id	pubmed-4143169
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-41431692014-08-27 Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line Kwon, Jun Tae Jin, Sora Choi, Heejin Kim, Jihye Jeong, Juri Kim, Jaehwan Kim, Youil Cho, Byung-Nam Cho, Chunghee Research Article The F9 cell line, which was derived from a mouse testicular teratoma that originated from pluripotent germ cells, has been used as a model for differentiation. However, it is largely unknown whether F9 cells possess the characteristics of male germ cells. In the present study, we investigated spermatogenic stage- and cell type-specific gene expression in F9 cells. Analysis of previous microarray data showed that a large number of stage-regulated germ cell genes are expressed in F9 cells. Specifically, genes that are prominently expressed in spermatogonia and have transcriptional regulatory functions appear to be enriched in F9 cells. Our in silico and in vitro analyses identified several germ cell-specific or -predominant genes that are expressed in F9 cells. Among them, strong promoter activities were observed in the regions upstream of the spermatogonial genes, Dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1), Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) and Tex13 (testis expressed gene 13), in F9 cells. A detailed analysis of the Tex13 promoter allowed us to identify an enhancer and a region that is implicated in germ cell-specificity. We also found that Tex13 expression is regulated by DNA methylation. Finally, analysis of GFP (green fluorescent protein) TEX13 localization revealed that the protein distributes heterogeneously in the cytoplasm and nucleus, suggesting that TEX13 shuttles between these two compartments. Taken together, our results demonstrate that F9 cells express numerous spermatogonial genes and could be used for transcriptional studies focusing on such genes. As an example of this, we use F9 cells to provide comprehensive expressional information about Tex13, and report that this gene appears to encode a germ cell-specific protein that functions in the nucleus during early spermatogenesis. Public Library of Science 2014-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4143169/ /pubmed/25153150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103837 Text en © 2014 Kwon et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Kwon, Jun Tae Jin, Sora Choi, Heejin Kim, Jihye Jeong, Juri Kim, Jaehwan Kim, Youil Cho, Byung-Nam Cho, Chunghee
spellingShingle	Kwon, Jun Tae Jin, Sora Choi, Heejin Kim, Jihye Jeong, Juri Kim, Jaehwan Kim, Youil Cho, Byung-Nam Cho, Chunghee Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line
author_facet	Kwon, Jun Tae Jin, Sora Choi, Heejin Kim, Jihye Jeong, Juri Kim, Jaehwan Kim, Youil Cho, Byung-Nam Cho, Chunghee
author_sort	Kwon, Jun Tae
title	Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line
title_short	Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line
title_full	Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line
title_fullStr	Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line
title_full_unstemmed	Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line
title_sort	identification and characterization of germ cell genes expressed in the f9 testicular teratoma stem cell line
description	The F9 cell line, which was derived from a mouse testicular teratoma that originated from pluripotent germ cells, has been used as a model for differentiation. However, it is largely unknown whether F9 cells possess the characteristics of male germ cells. In the present study, we investigated spermatogenic stage- and cell type-specific gene expression in F9 cells. Analysis of previous microarray data showed that a large number of stage-regulated germ cell genes are expressed in F9 cells. Specifically, genes that are prominently expressed in spermatogonia and have transcriptional regulatory functions appear to be enriched in F9 cells. Our in silico and in vitro analyses identified several germ cell-specific or -predominant genes that are expressed in F9 cells. Among them, strong promoter activities were observed in the regions upstream of the spermatogonial genes, Dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1), Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) and Tex13 (testis expressed gene 13), in F9 cells. A detailed analysis of the Tex13 promoter allowed us to identify an enhancer and a region that is implicated in germ cell-specificity. We also found that Tex13 expression is regulated by DNA methylation. Finally, analysis of GFP (green fluorescent protein) TEX13 localization revealed that the protein distributes heterogeneously in the cytoplasm and nucleus, suggesting that TEX13 shuttles between these two compartments. Taken together, our results demonstrate that F9 cells express numerous spermatogonial genes and could be used for transcriptional studies focusing on such genes. As an example of this, we use F9 cells to provide comprehensive expressional information about Tex13, and report that this gene appears to encode a germ cell-specific protein that functions in the nucleus during early spermatogenesis.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143169/
_version_	1613127198285234176

Identification and Characterization of Germ Cell Genes Expressed in the F9 Testicular Teratoma Stem Cell Line

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