Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests

Surface waters are increasingly utilized for drinking water because groundwater sources are often polluted. Several monitoring studies have detected the presence of mutagenicity in drinking water, especially from surface sources due to the reaction of natural organic matter with disinfectant. The st...

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Main Authors:	Feretti, Donatella, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Gustavino, Bianca, Zerbini, llaria, Zani, Claudia, Monarca, Silvano, Rizzoni, Marco
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	PAGEPress Publications 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4140311/

id	pubmed-4140311
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-41403112014-08-28 Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests Feretti, Donatella Ceretti, Elisabetta Gustavino, Bianca Zerbini, llaria Zani, Claudia Monarca, Silvano Rizzoni, Marco Original Article Surface waters are increasingly utilized for drinking water because groundwater sources are often polluted. Several monitoring studies have detected the presence of mutagenicity in drinking water, especially from surface sources due to the reaction of natural organic matter with disinfectant. The study aimed to investigate the genotoxic potential of the products of reaction between humic substances, which are naturally present in surface water, and three disinfectants: chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid. Commercial humic acids dissolved in distilled water at different total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were studied in order to simulate natural conditions of both ground water (TOC=2.5 mg/L) and surface water (TOC=7.5 mg/L). These solutions were treated with the biocides at a 1:1 molar ratio of C:disinfectant and tested for genotoxicity using the anaphase chromosomal aberration and micronucleus tests in Allium cepa, and the Vicia faba and Tradescantia micronucleus tests. The tests were carried out after different times and with different modes of exposure, and at 1:1 and 1:10 dilutions of disinfected and undisinfected humic acid solutions. A genotoxic effect was found for sodium hypochlorite in all plant tests, at both TOCs considered, while chlorine dioxide gave positive results only with the A.cepa tests. Some positive effects were also detected for PAA (A.cepa and Tradescantia). No relevant differences were found in samples with different TOC values. The significant increase in all genotoxicity end-points induced by all tested disinfectants indicates that a genotoxic potential is exerted even in the presence of organic substances at similar concentrations to those frequently present in drinking water. PAGEPress Publications 2012-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4140311/ /pubmed/25170443 http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2012.e7 Text en ©Copyright D. Feretti et al., 2012 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Feretti, Donatella Ceretti, Elisabetta Gustavino, Bianca Zerbini, llaria Zani, Claudia Monarca, Silvano Rizzoni, Marco
spellingShingle	Feretti, Donatella Ceretti, Elisabetta Gustavino, Bianca Zerbini, llaria Zani, Claudia Monarca, Silvano Rizzoni, Marco Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests
author_facet	Feretti, Donatella Ceretti, Elisabetta Gustavino, Bianca Zerbini, llaria Zani, Claudia Monarca, Silvano Rizzoni, Marco
author_sort	Feretti, Donatella
title	Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests
title_short	Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests
title_full	Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests
title_fullStr	Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests
title_full_unstemmed	Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests
title_sort	ground and surface water for drinking: a laboratory study on genotoxicity using plant tests
description	Surface waters are increasingly utilized for drinking water because groundwater sources are often polluted. Several monitoring studies have detected the presence of mutagenicity in drinking water, especially from surface sources due to the reaction of natural organic matter with disinfectant. The study aimed to investigate the genotoxic potential of the products of reaction between humic substances, which are naturally present in surface water, and three disinfectants: chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid. Commercial humic acids dissolved in distilled water at different total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were studied in order to simulate natural conditions of both ground water (TOC=2.5 mg/L) and surface water (TOC=7.5 mg/L). These solutions were treated with the biocides at a 1:1 molar ratio of C:disinfectant and tested for genotoxicity using the anaphase chromosomal aberration and micronucleus tests in Allium cepa, and the Vicia faba and Tradescantia micronucleus tests. The tests were carried out after different times and with different modes of exposure, and at 1:1 and 1:10 dilutions of disinfected and undisinfected humic acid solutions. A genotoxic effect was found for sodium hypochlorite in all plant tests, at both TOCs considered, while chlorine dioxide gave positive results only with the A.cepa tests. Some positive effects were also detected for PAA (A.cepa and Tradescantia). No relevant differences were found in samples with different TOC values. The significant increase in all genotoxicity end-points induced by all tested disinfectants indicates that a genotoxic potential is exerted even in the presence of organic substances at similar concentrations to those frequently present in drinking water.
publisher	PAGEPress Publications
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4140311/
_version_	1613126327093690368

Ground and Surface Water for Drinking: A Laboratory Study on Genotoxicity Using Plant Tests

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