Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here, we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases an...

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Main Authors:	Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Raymond CK, Chan, Ronald YL, Chen, Eric YH, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Hougaard, David M, Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kahn, René S, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C, Kennedy, James L, Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A, Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K, Laurent, Claudine, Lee, Jimmy, Lee, S Hong, Legge, Sophie E, Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M, Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Maher, Brion S, Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J, Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I, Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W, Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C, Murray, Robin M, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, O’Dushlaine, Colm, O’Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N, Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T, Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O, Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J, Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E, Purcell, Shaun M, Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A, Richards, Alexander L, Roffman, Joshua L, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R, Schulze, Thomas G, Schwab, Sibylle G, Scolnick, Edward M, Scott, Rodney J, Seidman, Larry J, Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M, Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W, So, Hon-Cheong, Spencer, Chris C A, Stahl, Eli A, Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E, Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Williams, Nigel M, Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H, Wolen, Aaron R, Wong, Emily HM, Wormley, Brandon K, Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C, Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R, Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M, Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A, Blackwood, Douglas HR, Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Børglum, Anders D, Cichon, Sven, Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V, Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V, Jönsson, Erik G, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F, Li, Qingqin S, Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K, McCarroll, Steven A, McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L, Mortensen, Preben B, Mowry, Bryan J, Nöthen, Markus M, Ophoff, Roel A, Owen, Michael J, Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N, Petryshen, Tracey L, Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C, Sklar, Pamela, St Clair, David, Weinberger, Daniel R, Wendland, Jens R, Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J, Sullivan, Patrick F, O’Donovan, Michael C
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112379/

id	pubmed-4112379
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-41123792015-01-24 Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci Ripke, Stephan Neale, Benjamin M Corvin, Aiden Walters, James TR Farh, Kai-How Holmans, Peter A Lee, Phil Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Collier, David A Huang, Hailiang Pers, Tune H Agartz, Ingrid Agerbo, Esben Albus, Margot Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Bacanu, Silviu A Begemann, Martin Belliveau, Richard A Bene, Judit Bergen, Sarah E Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B Black, Donald W Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G Buckner, Randy L Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M Carr, Vaughan J Carrera, Noa Catts, Stanley V Chambert, Kimberley D Chan, Raymond CK Chan, Ronald YL Chen, Eric YH Cheng, Wei Cheung, Eric FC Chong, Siow Ann Cloninger, C Robert Cohen, David Cohen, Nadine Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crowley, James J Curtis, David Davidson, Michael Davis, Kenneth L Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen Demontis, Ditte Dikeos, Dimitris Dinan, Timothy Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao Dudbridge, Frank Durmishi, Naser Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan Escott-Price, Valentina Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H Farrell, Martilias S Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B Friedl, Marion Friedman, Joseph I Fromer, Menachem Genovese, Giulio Georgieva, Lyudmila Giegling, Ina Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie Goldstein, Jacqueline I Golimbet, Vera Gopal, Srihari Gratten, Jacob de Haan, Lieuwe Hammer, Christian Hamshere, Marian L Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram Hartmann, Annette M Henskens, Frans A Herms, Stefan Hirschhorn, Joel N Hoffmann, Per Hofman, Andrea Hollegaard, Mads V Hougaard, David M Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge Julià, Antonio Kahn, René S Kalaydjieva, Luba Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Karjalainen, Juha Kavanagh, David Keller, Matthew C Kennedy, James L Khrunin, Andrey Kim, Yunjung Klovins, Janis Knowles, James A Konte, Bettina Kucinskas, Vaidutis Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana Kähler, Anna K Laurent, Claudine Lee, Jimmy Lee, S Hong Legge, Sophie E Lerer, Bernard Li, Miaoxin Li, Tao Liang, Kung-Yee Lieberman, Jeffrey Limborska, Svetlana Loughland, Carmel M Lubinski, Jan Lönnqvist, Jouko Macek, Milan Magnusson, Patrik KE Maher, Brion S Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques Marsal, Sara Mattheisen, Manuel Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W McDonald, Colm McIntosh, Andrew M Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J Melegh, Bela Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T Milani, Lili Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes Morris, Derek W Mors, Ole Murphy, Kieran C Murray, Robin M Myin-Germeys, Inez Müller-Myhsok, Bertram Nelis, Mari Nenadic, Igor Nertney, Deborah A Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K Nikitina-Zake, Liene Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie O’Callaghan, Eadbhard O’Dushlaine, Colm O’Neill, F Anthony Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line Van Os, Jim Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N Papiol, Sergi Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T Paunio, Tiina Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Perkins, Diana O Pietiläinen, Olli Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J Powell, John Price, Alkes Pulver, Ann E Purcell, Shaun M Quested, Digby Rasmussen, Henrik B Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A Richards, Alexander L Roffman, Joshua L Roussos, Panos Ruderfer, Douglas M Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R Schall, Ulrich Schubert, Christian R Schulze, Thomas G Schwab, Sibylle G Scolnick, Edward M Scott, Rodney J Seidman, Larry J Shi, Jianxin Sigurdsson, Engilbert Silagadze, Teimuraz Silverman, Jeremy M Sim, Kang Slominsky, Petr Smoller, Jordan W So, Hon-Cheong Spencer, Chris C A Stahl, Eli A Stefansson, Hreinn Steinberg, Stacy Stogmann, Elisabeth Straub, Richard E Strengman, Eric Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T Scott Subramaniam, Mythily Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M Szatkiewicz, Jin P Söderman, Erik Thirumalai, Srinivas Toncheva, Draga Tosato, Sarah Veijola, Juha Waddington, John Walsh, Dermot Wang, Dai Wang, Qiang Webb, Bradley T Weiser, Mark Wildenauer, Dieter B Williams, Nigel M Williams, Stephanie Witt, Stephanie H Wolen, Aaron R Wong, Emily HM Wormley, Brandon K Xi, Hualin Simon Zai, Clement C Zheng, Xuebin Zimprich, Fritz Wray, Naomi R Stefansson, Kari Visscher, Peter M Adolfsson, Rolf Andreassen, Ole A Blackwood, Douglas HR Bramon, Elvira Buxbaum, Joseph D Børglum, Anders D Cichon, Sven Darvasi, Ariel Domenici, Enrico Ehrenreich, Hannelore Esko, Tõnu Gejman, Pablo V Gill, Michael Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M Iwata, Nakao Jablensky, Assen V Jönsson, Erik G Kendler, Kenneth S Kirov, George Knight, Jo Lencz, Todd Levinson, Douglas F Li, Qingqin S Liu, Jianjun Malhotra, Anil K McCarroll, Steven A McQuillin, Andrew Moran, Jennifer L Mortensen, Preben B Mowry, Bryan J Nöthen, Markus M Ophoff, Roel A Owen, Michael J Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N Petryshen, Tracey L Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P Rujescu, Dan Sham, Pak C Sklar, Pamela St Clair, David Weinberger, Daniel R Wendland, Jens R Werge, Thomas Daly, Mark J Sullivan, Patrick F O’Donovan, Michael C Article Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here, we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely novel insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and multiple genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses. Independent of genes expressed in brain, associations were enriched among genes expressed in tissues that play important roles in immunity, providing support for the hypothesized link between the immune system and schizophrenia. 2014-07-22 2014-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4112379/ /pubmed/25056061 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13595 Text en Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Ripke, Stephan Neale, Benjamin M Corvin, Aiden Walters, James TR Farh, Kai-How Holmans, Peter A Lee, Phil Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Collier, David A Huang, Hailiang Pers, Tune H Agartz, Ingrid Agerbo, Esben Albus, Margot Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Bacanu, Silviu A Begemann, Martin Belliveau, Richard A Bene, Judit Bergen, Sarah E Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B Black, Donald W Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G Buckner, Randy L Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M Carr, Vaughan J Carrera, Noa Catts, Stanley V Chambert, Kimberley D Chan, Raymond CK Chan, Ronald YL Chen, Eric YH Cheng, Wei Cheung, Eric FC Chong, Siow Ann Cloninger, C Robert Cohen, David Cohen, Nadine Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crowley, James J Curtis, David Davidson, Michael Davis, Kenneth L Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen Demontis, Ditte Dikeos, Dimitris Dinan, Timothy Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao Dudbridge, Frank Durmishi, Naser Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan Escott-Price, Valentina Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H Farrell, Martilias S Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B Friedl, Marion Friedman, Joseph I Fromer, Menachem Genovese, Giulio Georgieva, Lyudmila Giegling, Ina Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie Goldstein, Jacqueline I Golimbet, Vera Gopal, Srihari Gratten, Jacob de Haan, Lieuwe Hammer, Christian Hamshere, Marian L Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram Hartmann, Annette M Henskens, Frans A Herms, Stefan Hirschhorn, Joel N Hoffmann, Per Hofman, Andrea Hollegaard, Mads V Hougaard, David M Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge Julià, Antonio Kahn, René S Kalaydjieva, Luba Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Karjalainen, Juha Kavanagh, David Keller, Matthew C Kennedy, James L Khrunin, Andrey Kim, Yunjung Klovins, Janis Knowles, James A Konte, Bettina Kucinskas, Vaidutis Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana Kähler, Anna K Laurent, Claudine Lee, Jimmy Lee, S Hong Legge, Sophie E Lerer, Bernard Li, Miaoxin Li, Tao Liang, Kung-Yee Lieberman, Jeffrey Limborska, Svetlana Loughland, Carmel M Lubinski, Jan Lönnqvist, Jouko Macek, Milan Magnusson, Patrik KE Maher, Brion S Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques Marsal, Sara Mattheisen, Manuel Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W McDonald, Colm McIntosh, Andrew M Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J Melegh, Bela Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T Milani, Lili Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes Morris, Derek W Mors, Ole Murphy, Kieran C Murray, Robin M Myin-Germeys, Inez Müller-Myhsok, Bertram Nelis, Mari Nenadic, Igor Nertney, Deborah A Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K Nikitina-Zake, Liene Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie O’Callaghan, Eadbhard O’Dushlaine, Colm O’Neill, F Anthony Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line Van Os, Jim Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N Papiol, Sergi Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T Paunio, Tiina Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Perkins, Diana O Pietiläinen, Olli Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J Powell, John Price, Alkes Pulver, Ann E Purcell, Shaun M Quested, Digby Rasmussen, Henrik B Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A Richards, Alexander L Roffman, Joshua L Roussos, Panos Ruderfer, Douglas M Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R Schall, Ulrich Schubert, Christian R Schulze, Thomas G Schwab, Sibylle G Scolnick, Edward M Scott, Rodney J Seidman, Larry J Shi, Jianxin Sigurdsson, Engilbert Silagadze, Teimuraz Silverman, Jeremy M Sim, Kang Slominsky, Petr Smoller, Jordan W So, Hon-Cheong Spencer, Chris C A Stahl, Eli A Stefansson, Hreinn Steinberg, Stacy Stogmann, Elisabeth Straub, Richard E Strengman, Eric Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T Scott Subramaniam, Mythily Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M Szatkiewicz, Jin P Söderman, Erik Thirumalai, Srinivas Toncheva, Draga Tosato, Sarah Veijola, Juha Waddington, John Walsh, Dermot Wang, Dai Wang, Qiang Webb, Bradley T Weiser, Mark Wildenauer, Dieter B Williams, Nigel M Williams, Stephanie Witt, Stephanie H Wolen, Aaron R Wong, Emily HM Wormley, Brandon K Xi, Hualin Simon Zai, Clement C Zheng, Xuebin Zimprich, Fritz Wray, Naomi R Stefansson, Kari Visscher, Peter M Adolfsson, Rolf Andreassen, Ole A Blackwood, Douglas HR Bramon, Elvira Buxbaum, Joseph D Børglum, Anders D Cichon, Sven Darvasi, Ariel Domenici, Enrico Ehrenreich, Hannelore Esko, Tõnu Gejman, Pablo V Gill, Michael Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M Iwata, Nakao Jablensky, Assen V Jönsson, Erik G Kendler, Kenneth S Kirov, George Knight, Jo Lencz, Todd Levinson, Douglas F Li, Qingqin S Liu, Jianjun Malhotra, Anil K McCarroll, Steven A McQuillin, Andrew Moran, Jennifer L Mortensen, Preben B Mowry, Bryan J Nöthen, Markus M Ophoff, Roel A Owen, Michael J Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N Petryshen, Tracey L Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P Rujescu, Dan Sham, Pak C Sklar, Pamela St Clair, David Weinberger, Daniel R Wendland, Jens R Werge, Thomas Daly, Mark J Sullivan, Patrick F O’Donovan, Michael C
spellingShingle	Ripke, Stephan Neale, Benjamin M Corvin, Aiden Walters, James TR Farh, Kai-How Holmans, Peter A Lee, Phil Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Collier, David A Huang, Hailiang Pers, Tune H Agartz, Ingrid Agerbo, Esben Albus, Margot Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Bacanu, Silviu A Begemann, Martin Belliveau, Richard A Bene, Judit Bergen, Sarah E Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B Black, Donald W Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G Buckner, Randy L Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M Carr, Vaughan J Carrera, Noa Catts, Stanley V Chambert, Kimberley D Chan, Raymond CK Chan, Ronald YL Chen, Eric YH Cheng, Wei Cheung, Eric FC Chong, Siow Ann Cloninger, C Robert Cohen, David Cohen, Nadine Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crowley, James J Curtis, David Davidson, Michael Davis, Kenneth L Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen Demontis, Ditte Dikeos, Dimitris Dinan, Timothy Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao Dudbridge, Frank Durmishi, Naser Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan Escott-Price, Valentina Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H Farrell, Martilias S Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B Friedl, Marion Friedman, Joseph I Fromer, Menachem Genovese, Giulio Georgieva, Lyudmila Giegling, Ina Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie Goldstein, Jacqueline I Golimbet, Vera Gopal, Srihari Gratten, Jacob de Haan, Lieuwe Hammer, Christian Hamshere, Marian L Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram Hartmann, Annette M Henskens, Frans A Herms, Stefan Hirschhorn, Joel N Hoffmann, Per Hofman, Andrea Hollegaard, Mads V Hougaard, David M Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge Julià, Antonio Kahn, René S Kalaydjieva, Luba Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Karjalainen, Juha Kavanagh, David Keller, Matthew C Kennedy, James L Khrunin, Andrey Kim, Yunjung Klovins, Janis Knowles, James A Konte, Bettina Kucinskas, Vaidutis Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana Kähler, Anna K Laurent, Claudine Lee, Jimmy Lee, S Hong Legge, Sophie E Lerer, Bernard Li, Miaoxin Li, Tao Liang, Kung-Yee Lieberman, Jeffrey Limborska, Svetlana Loughland, Carmel M Lubinski, Jan Lönnqvist, Jouko Macek, Milan Magnusson, Patrik KE Maher, Brion S Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques Marsal, Sara Mattheisen, Manuel Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W McDonald, Colm McIntosh, Andrew M Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J Melegh, Bela Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T Milani, Lili Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes Morris, Derek W Mors, Ole Murphy, Kieran C Murray, Robin M Myin-Germeys, Inez Müller-Myhsok, Bertram Nelis, Mari Nenadic, Igor Nertney, Deborah A Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K Nikitina-Zake, Liene Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie O’Callaghan, Eadbhard O’Dushlaine, Colm O’Neill, F Anthony Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line Van Os, Jim Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N Papiol, Sergi Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T Paunio, Tiina Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Perkins, Diana O Pietiläinen, Olli Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J Powell, John Price, Alkes Pulver, Ann E Purcell, Shaun M Quested, Digby Rasmussen, Henrik B Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A Richards, Alexander L Roffman, Joshua L Roussos, Panos Ruderfer, Douglas M Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R Schall, Ulrich Schubert, Christian R Schulze, Thomas G Schwab, Sibylle G Scolnick, Edward M Scott, Rodney J Seidman, Larry J Shi, Jianxin Sigurdsson, Engilbert Silagadze, Teimuraz Silverman, Jeremy M Sim, Kang Slominsky, Petr Smoller, Jordan W So, Hon-Cheong Spencer, Chris C A Stahl, Eli A Stefansson, Hreinn Steinberg, Stacy Stogmann, Elisabeth Straub, Richard E Strengman, Eric Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T Scott Subramaniam, Mythily Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M Szatkiewicz, Jin P Söderman, Erik Thirumalai, Srinivas Toncheva, Draga Tosato, Sarah Veijola, Juha Waddington, John Walsh, Dermot Wang, Dai Wang, Qiang Webb, Bradley T Weiser, Mark Wildenauer, Dieter B Williams, Nigel M Williams, Stephanie Witt, Stephanie H Wolen, Aaron R Wong, Emily HM Wormley, Brandon K Xi, Hualin Simon Zai, Clement C Zheng, Xuebin Zimprich, Fritz Wray, Naomi R Stefansson, Kari Visscher, Peter M Adolfsson, Rolf Andreassen, Ole A Blackwood, Douglas HR Bramon, Elvira Buxbaum, Joseph D Børglum, Anders D Cichon, Sven Darvasi, Ariel Domenici, Enrico Ehrenreich, Hannelore Esko, Tõnu Gejman, Pablo V Gill, Michael Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M Iwata, Nakao Jablensky, Assen V Jönsson, Erik G Kendler, Kenneth S Kirov, George Knight, Jo Lencz, Todd Levinson, Douglas F Li, Qingqin S Liu, Jianjun Malhotra, Anil K McCarroll, Steven A McQuillin, Andrew Moran, Jennifer L Mortensen, Preben B Mowry, Bryan J Nöthen, Markus M Ophoff, Roel A Owen, Michael J Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N Petryshen, Tracey L Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P Rujescu, Dan Sham, Pak C Sklar, Pamela St Clair, David Weinberger, Daniel R Wendland, Jens R Werge, Thomas Daly, Mark J Sullivan, Patrick F O’Donovan, Michael C Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci
author_facet	Ripke, Stephan Neale, Benjamin M Corvin, Aiden Walters, James TR Farh, Kai-How Holmans, Peter A Lee, Phil Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Collier, David A Huang, Hailiang Pers, Tune H Agartz, Ingrid Agerbo, Esben Albus, Margot Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Bacanu, Silviu A Begemann, Martin Belliveau, Richard A Bene, Judit Bergen, Sarah E Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B Black, Donald W Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G Buckner, Randy L Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M Carr, Vaughan J Carrera, Noa Catts, Stanley V Chambert, Kimberley D Chan, Raymond CK Chan, Ronald YL Chen, Eric YH Cheng, Wei Cheung, Eric FC Chong, Siow Ann Cloninger, C Robert Cohen, David Cohen, Nadine Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crowley, James J Curtis, David Davidson, Michael Davis, Kenneth L Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen Demontis, Ditte Dikeos, Dimitris Dinan, Timothy Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao Dudbridge, Frank Durmishi, Naser Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan Escott-Price, Valentina Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H Farrell, Martilias S Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B Friedl, Marion Friedman, Joseph I Fromer, Menachem Genovese, Giulio Georgieva, Lyudmila Giegling, Ina Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie Goldstein, Jacqueline I Golimbet, Vera Gopal, Srihari Gratten, Jacob de Haan, Lieuwe Hammer, Christian Hamshere, Marian L Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram Hartmann, Annette M Henskens, Frans A Herms, Stefan Hirschhorn, Joel N Hoffmann, Per Hofman, Andrea Hollegaard, Mads V Hougaard, David M Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge Julià, Antonio Kahn, René S Kalaydjieva, Luba Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Karjalainen, Juha Kavanagh, David Keller, Matthew C Kennedy, James L Khrunin, Andrey Kim, Yunjung Klovins, Janis Knowles, James A Konte, Bettina Kucinskas, Vaidutis Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana Kähler, Anna K Laurent, Claudine Lee, Jimmy Lee, S Hong Legge, Sophie E Lerer, Bernard Li, Miaoxin Li, Tao Liang, Kung-Yee Lieberman, Jeffrey Limborska, Svetlana Loughland, Carmel M Lubinski, Jan Lönnqvist, Jouko Macek, Milan Magnusson, Patrik KE Maher, Brion S Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques Marsal, Sara Mattheisen, Manuel Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W McDonald, Colm McIntosh, Andrew M Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J Melegh, Bela Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T Milani, Lili Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes Morris, Derek W Mors, Ole Murphy, Kieran C Murray, Robin M Myin-Germeys, Inez Müller-Myhsok, Bertram Nelis, Mari Nenadic, Igor Nertney, Deborah A Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K Nikitina-Zake, Liene Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie O’Callaghan, Eadbhard O’Dushlaine, Colm O’Neill, F Anthony Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line Van Os, Jim Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N Papiol, Sergi Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T Paunio, Tiina Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Perkins, Diana O Pietiläinen, Olli Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J Powell, John Price, Alkes Pulver, Ann E Purcell, Shaun M Quested, Digby Rasmussen, Henrik B Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A Richards, Alexander L Roffman, Joshua L Roussos, Panos Ruderfer, Douglas M Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R Schall, Ulrich Schubert, Christian R Schulze, Thomas G Schwab, Sibylle G Scolnick, Edward M Scott, Rodney J Seidman, Larry J Shi, Jianxin Sigurdsson, Engilbert Silagadze, Teimuraz Silverman, Jeremy M Sim, Kang Slominsky, Petr Smoller, Jordan W So, Hon-Cheong Spencer, Chris C A Stahl, Eli A Stefansson, Hreinn Steinberg, Stacy Stogmann, Elisabeth Straub, Richard E Strengman, Eric Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T Scott Subramaniam, Mythily Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M Szatkiewicz, Jin P Söderman, Erik Thirumalai, Srinivas Toncheva, Draga Tosato, Sarah Veijola, Juha Waddington, John Walsh, Dermot Wang, Dai Wang, Qiang Webb, Bradley T Weiser, Mark Wildenauer, Dieter B Williams, Nigel M Williams, Stephanie Witt, Stephanie H Wolen, Aaron R Wong, Emily HM Wormley, Brandon K Xi, Hualin Simon Zai, Clement C Zheng, Xuebin Zimprich, Fritz Wray, Naomi R Stefansson, Kari Visscher, Peter M Adolfsson, Rolf Andreassen, Ole A Blackwood, Douglas HR Bramon, Elvira Buxbaum, Joseph D Børglum, Anders D Cichon, Sven Darvasi, Ariel Domenici, Enrico Ehrenreich, Hannelore Esko, Tõnu Gejman, Pablo V Gill, Michael Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M Iwata, Nakao Jablensky, Assen V Jönsson, Erik G Kendler, Kenneth S Kirov, George Knight, Jo Lencz, Todd Levinson, Douglas F Li, Qingqin S Liu, Jianjun Malhotra, Anil K McCarroll, Steven A McQuillin, Andrew Moran, Jennifer L Mortensen, Preben B Mowry, Bryan J Nöthen, Markus M Ophoff, Roel A Owen, Michael J Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N Petryshen, Tracey L Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P Rujescu, Dan Sham, Pak C Sklar, Pamela St Clair, David Weinberger, Daniel R Wendland, Jens R Werge, Thomas Daly, Mark J Sullivan, Patrick F O’Donovan, Michael C
title	Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci
title_short	Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci
title_full	Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci
title_fullStr	Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci
title_full_unstemmed	Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci
title_sort	biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
description	Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here, we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely novel insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and multiple genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses. Independent of genes expressed in brain, associations were enriched among genes expressed in tissues that play important roles in immunity, providing support for the hypothesized link between the immune system and schizophrenia.
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112379/
_version_	1613118243742941184

Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci

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