Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses

Genetic polymorphisms in genes related to neurotransmitters or hormones affect personality or behavioral traits in many animal species including humans. In domestic animals, the allele frequency of such genes has been reported to be different among breeds and it may account for breed differences in...

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Main Authors:	HORI, Yusuke, OZAKI, Takatoshi, YAMADA, Yoshimitsu, TOZAKI, Teruaki, KIM, Heui-Soo, TAKIMOTO, Ayaka, ENDO, Maiko, MANABE, Noboru, INOUE-MURAYAMA, Miho, FUJITA, Kazuo
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	The Japanese Society of Equine Science 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013985/

id	pubmed-4013985
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-40139852014-05-15 Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses HORI, Yusuke OZAKI, Takatoshi YAMADA, Yoshimitsu TOZAKI, Teruaki KIM, Heui-Soo TAKIMOTO, Ayaka ENDO, Maiko MANABE, Noboru INOUE-MURAYAMA, Miho FUJITA, Kazuo Original Article Genetic polymorphisms in genes related to neurotransmitters or hormones affect personality or behavioral traits in many animal species including humans. In domestic animals, the allele frequency of such genes has been reported to be different among breeds and it may account for breed differences in behavior. In this study, we investigated breed differences in horses in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4), which has been reported to affect horse personality. We collected samples from seven horse breeds including those native to Japan and Korea, and compared the sequence of the DRD4 exon3 region among these breeds. We found that there were two types of polymorphisms (VNTR and SNPs) in the exon3 region, and some of them seemed to be breed-specific. In addition, we found that the allele frequency of G292A, reported to be associated with horse personality, differed greatly between native Japanese horses and Thoroughbred horses. The frequency of the A allele which is associated with low curiosity and high vigilance, was much lower in native Japanese horses (Hokkaido, 0.03; Taishu, 0.08) than in Thoroughbreds (0.62). This difference may account for breed differences in personality or behavioral traits. Further studies of the function of these polymorphisms and their effect on behavior are indicated. The Japanese Society of Equine Science 2013-09-30 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC4013985/ /pubmed/24833999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.24.31 Text en 2013 The Japanese Society of Equine Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	HORI, Yusuke OZAKI, Takatoshi YAMADA, Yoshimitsu TOZAKI, Teruaki KIM, Heui-Soo TAKIMOTO, Ayaka ENDO, Maiko MANABE, Noboru INOUE-MURAYAMA, Miho FUJITA, Kazuo
spellingShingle	HORI, Yusuke OZAKI, Takatoshi YAMADA, Yoshimitsu TOZAKI, Teruaki KIM, Heui-Soo TAKIMOTO, Ayaka ENDO, Maiko MANABE, Noboru INOUE-MURAYAMA, Miho FUJITA, Kazuo Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses
author_facet	HORI, Yusuke OZAKI, Takatoshi YAMADA, Yoshimitsu TOZAKI, Teruaki KIM, Heui-Soo TAKIMOTO, Ayaka ENDO, Maiko MANABE, Noboru INOUE-MURAYAMA, Miho FUJITA, Kazuo
author_sort	HORI, Yusuke
title	Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses
title_short	Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses
title_full	Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses
title_fullStr	Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses
title_full_unstemmed	Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses
title_sort	breed differences in dopamine receptor d4 gene (drd4) in horses
description	Genetic polymorphisms in genes related to neurotransmitters or hormones affect personality or behavioral traits in many animal species including humans. In domestic animals, the allele frequency of such genes has been reported to be different among breeds and it may account for breed differences in behavior. In this study, we investigated breed differences in horses in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4), which has been reported to affect horse personality. We collected samples from seven horse breeds including those native to Japan and Korea, and compared the sequence of the DRD4 exon3 region among these breeds. We found that there were two types of polymorphisms (VNTR and SNPs) in the exon3 region, and some of them seemed to be breed-specific. In addition, we found that the allele frequency of G292A, reported to be associated with horse personality, differed greatly between native Japanese horses and Thoroughbred horses. The frequency of the A allele which is associated with low curiosity and high vigilance, was much lower in native Japanese horses (Hokkaido, 0.03; Taishu, 0.08) than in Thoroughbreds (0.62). This difference may account for breed differences in personality or behavioral traits. Further studies of the function of these polymorphisms and their effect on behavior are indicated.
publisher	The Japanese Society of Equine Science
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013985/
_version_	1612086588172402688

Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses

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