Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors

The major vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa belong to subgenus Cellia. Yet, phylogenetic relationships and temporal diversification among African mosquito species have not been unambiguously determined. Knowledge about vector evolutionary history is crucial for correct interpretation of genet...

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Main Authors:	Kamali, Maryam, Marek, Paul E., Peery, Ashley, Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe, Ndo, Cyrille, Tu, Zhijian, Simard, Frederic, Sharakhov, Igor V.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976319/

id	pubmed-3976319
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-39763192014-04-08 Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors Kamali, Maryam Marek, Paul E. Peery, Ashley Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe Ndo, Cyrille Tu, Zhijian Simard, Frederic Sharakhov, Igor V. Research Article The major vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa belong to subgenus Cellia. Yet, phylogenetic relationships and temporal diversification among African mosquito species have not been unambiguously determined. Knowledge about vector evolutionary history is crucial for correct interpretation of genetic changes identified through comparative genomics analyses. In this study, we estimated a molecular phylogeny using 49 gene sequences for the African malaria vectors An. gambiae, An. funestus, An. nili, the Asian malaria mosquito An. stephensi, and the outgroup species Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. To infer the phylogeny, we identified orthologous sequences uniformly distributed approximately every 5 Mb in the five chromosomal arms. The sequences were aligned and the phylogenetic trees were inferred using maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. Bayesian molecular dating using a relaxed log normal model was used to infer divergence times. Trees from individual genes agreed with each other, placing An. nili as a basal clade that diversified from the studied malaria mosquito species 47.6 million years ago (mya). Other African malaria vectors originated more recently, and independently acquired traits related to vectorial capacity. The lineage leading to An. gambiae diverged 30.4 mya, while the African vector An. funestus and the Asian vector An. stephensi were the most closely related sister taxa that split 20.8 mya. These results were supported by consistently high bootstrap values in concatenated phylogenetic trees generated individually for each chromosomal arm. Genome-wide multigene phylogenetic analysis is a useful approach for discerning historic relationships among malaria vectors, providing a framework for the correct interpretation of genomic changes across species, and comprehending the evolutionary origins of this ubiquitous and deadly insect-borne disease. Public Library of Science 2014-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3976319/ /pubmed/24705448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093580 Text en © 2014 Kamali et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Kamali, Maryam Marek, Paul E. Peery, Ashley Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe Ndo, Cyrille Tu, Zhijian Simard, Frederic Sharakhov, Igor V.
spellingShingle	Kamali, Maryam Marek, Paul E. Peery, Ashley Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe Ndo, Cyrille Tu, Zhijian Simard, Frederic Sharakhov, Igor V. Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors
author_facet	Kamali, Maryam Marek, Paul E. Peery, Ashley Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe Ndo, Cyrille Tu, Zhijian Simard, Frederic Sharakhov, Igor V.
author_sort	Kamali, Maryam
title	Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors
title_short	Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors
title_full	Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors
title_fullStr	Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors
title_full_unstemmed	Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors
title_sort	multigene phylogenetics reveals temporal diversification of major african malaria vectors
description	The major vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa belong to subgenus Cellia. Yet, phylogenetic relationships and temporal diversification among African mosquito species have not been unambiguously determined. Knowledge about vector evolutionary history is crucial for correct interpretation of genetic changes identified through comparative genomics analyses. In this study, we estimated a molecular phylogeny using 49 gene sequences for the African malaria vectors An. gambiae, An. funestus, An. nili, the Asian malaria mosquito An. stephensi, and the outgroup species Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. To infer the phylogeny, we identified orthologous sequences uniformly distributed approximately every 5 Mb in the five chromosomal arms. The sequences were aligned and the phylogenetic trees were inferred using maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. Bayesian molecular dating using a relaxed log normal model was used to infer divergence times. Trees from individual genes agreed with each other, placing An. nili as a basal clade that diversified from the studied malaria mosquito species 47.6 million years ago (mya). Other African malaria vectors originated more recently, and independently acquired traits related to vectorial capacity. The lineage leading to An. gambiae diverged 30.4 mya, while the African vector An. funestus and the Asian vector An. stephensi were the most closely related sister taxa that split 20.8 mya. These results were supported by consistently high bootstrap values in concatenated phylogenetic trees generated individually for each chromosomal arm. Genome-wide multigene phylogenetic analysis is a useful approach for discerning historic relationships among malaria vectors, providing a framework for the correct interpretation of genomic changes across species, and comprehending the evolutionary origins of this ubiquitous and deadly insect-borne disease.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976319/
_version_	1612074420066582528

Multigene Phylogenetics Reveals Temporal Diversification of Major African Malaria Vectors

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