Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)

Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)

The Runx family genes encode transcription factors that play key roles in hematopoiesis, skeletogenesis and neurogenesis and are often implicated in diseases. We describe here the cloning and characterization of Runx1, Runx2, Runx3 and Runxb genes in the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), a membe...

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Main Authors: Nah, Giselle Sek Suan, Lim, Zhi Wei, Tay, Boon-Hui, Osato, Motomi, Venkatesh, Byrappa
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3974841/
id pubmed-3974841
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-39748412014-04-08 Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii) Nah, Giselle Sek Suan Lim, Zhi Wei Tay, Boon-Hui Osato, Motomi Venkatesh, Byrappa Research Article The Runx family genes encode transcription factors that play key roles in hematopoiesis, skeletogenesis and neurogenesis and are often implicated in diseases. We describe here the cloning and characterization of Runx1, Runx2, Runx3 and Runxb genes in the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), a member of Chondrichthyes, the oldest living group of jawed vertebrates. Through the use of alternative promoters and/or alternative splicing, each of the elephant shark Runx genes expresses multiple isoforms similar to their orthologs in human and other bony vertebrates. The expression profiles of elephant shark Runx genes are similar to those of mammalian Runx genes. The syntenic blocks of genes at the elephant shark Runx gene loci are highly conserved in human, but represented by shorter conserved blocks in zebrafish indicating a higher degree of rearrangements in this teleost fish. Analysis of promoter regions revealed conservation of binding sites for transcription factors, including two tandem binding sites for Runx that are totally conserved in the distal promoter regions of elephant shark Runx1-3. Several conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), which are putative cis-regulatory elements, and miRNA binding sites were identified in the elephant shark and human Runx gene loci. Some of these CNEs and miRNA binding sites are absent in teleost fishes such as zebrafish and fugu. In summary, our analysis reveals that the genomic organization and expression profiles of Runx genes were already complex in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. Public Library of Science 2014-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3974841/ /pubmed/24699678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093816 Text en © 2014 Nah et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Nah, Giselle Sek Suan
Lim, Zhi Wei
Tay, Boon-Hui
Osato, Motomi
Venkatesh, Byrappa
spellingShingle Nah, Giselle Sek Suan
Lim, Zhi Wei
Tay, Boon-Hui
Osato, Motomi
Venkatesh, Byrappa
Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)
author_facet Nah, Giselle Sek Suan
Lim, Zhi Wei
Tay, Boon-Hui
Osato, Motomi
Venkatesh, Byrappa
author_sort Nah, Giselle Sek Suan
title Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)
title_short Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)
title_full Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)
title_fullStr Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)
title_full_unstemmed Runx Family Genes in a Cartilaginous Fish, the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii)
title_sort runx family genes in a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (callorhinchus milii)
description The Runx family genes encode transcription factors that play key roles in hematopoiesis, skeletogenesis and neurogenesis and are often implicated in diseases. We describe here the cloning and characterization of Runx1, Runx2, Runx3 and Runxb genes in the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), a member of Chondrichthyes, the oldest living group of jawed vertebrates. Through the use of alternative promoters and/or alternative splicing, each of the elephant shark Runx genes expresses multiple isoforms similar to their orthologs in human and other bony vertebrates. The expression profiles of elephant shark Runx genes are similar to those of mammalian Runx genes. The syntenic blocks of genes at the elephant shark Runx gene loci are highly conserved in human, but represented by shorter conserved blocks in zebrafish indicating a higher degree of rearrangements in this teleost fish. Analysis of promoter regions revealed conservation of binding sites for transcription factors, including two tandem binding sites for Runx that are totally conserved in the distal promoter regions of elephant shark Runx1-3. Several conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), which are putative cis-regulatory elements, and miRNA binding sites were identified in the elephant shark and human Runx gene loci. Some of these CNEs and miRNA binding sites are absent in teleost fishes such as zebrafish and fugu. In summary, our analysis reveals that the genomic organization and expression profiles of Runx genes were already complex in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates.
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2014
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3974841/
_version_ 1612073902472691712

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