Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals
A wide range of influenza A viruses of pigs and birds have infected humans in the last decade, sometimes with severe clinical consequences. Each of these so-called zoonotic infections provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host. Fortunately, most of these human infections do not yie...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2014
|
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944123/ |
| id |
pubmed-3944123 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
pubmed-39441232014-03-06 Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals Schrauwen, Eefje JA Fouchier, Ron AM Review A wide range of influenza A viruses of pigs and birds have infected humans in the last decade, sometimes with severe clinical consequences. Each of these so-called zoonotic infections provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host. Fortunately, most of these human infections do not yield viruses with the ability of sustained human-to-human transmission. However, animal influenza viruses have acquired the ability of sustained transmission between humans to cause pandemics on rare occasions in the past, and therefore, influenza virus zoonoses continue to represent threats to public health. Numerous recent studies have shed new light on the mechanisms of adaptation and transmission of avian and swine influenza A viruses in mammals. In particular, several studies provided insights into the genetic and phenotypic traits of influenza A viruses that may determine airborne transmission. Here, we summarize recent studies on molecular determinants of virulence and adaptation of animal influenza A virus and discuss the phenotypic traits associated with airborne transmission of newly emerging influenza A viruses. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of virulence and transmission may aid in assessing the risks posed by animal influenza viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks. Nature Publishing Group 2014-02 2014-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3944123/ /pubmed/26038511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2014.9 Text en Copyright © 2014 Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Schrauwen, Eefje JA Fouchier, Ron AM |
| spellingShingle |
Schrauwen, Eefje JA Fouchier, Ron AM Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals |
| author_facet |
Schrauwen, Eefje JA Fouchier, Ron AM |
| author_sort |
Schrauwen, Eefje JA |
| title |
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals |
| title_short |
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals |
| title_full |
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals |
| title_fullStr |
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals |
| title_sort |
host adaptation and transmission of influenza a viruses in mammals |
| description |
A wide range of influenza A viruses of pigs and birds have infected humans in the last decade, sometimes with severe clinical consequences. Each of these so-called zoonotic infections provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host. Fortunately, most of these human infections do not yield viruses with the ability of sustained human-to-human transmission. However, animal influenza viruses have acquired the ability of sustained transmission between humans to cause pandemics on rare occasions in the past, and therefore, influenza virus zoonoses continue to represent threats to public health. Numerous recent studies have shed new light on the mechanisms of adaptation and transmission of avian and swine influenza A viruses in mammals. In particular, several studies provided insights into the genetic and phenotypic traits of influenza A viruses that may determine airborne transmission. Here, we summarize recent studies on molecular determinants of virulence and adaptation of animal influenza A virus and discuss the phenotypic traits associated with airborne transmission of newly emerging influenza A viruses. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of virulence and transmission may aid in assessing the risks posed by animal influenza viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks. |
| publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944123/ |
| _version_ |
1612064892841361408 |