Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus

Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the World War I and more recently during Gulf war in the early 1980s'. SM is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. Since SM...

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Main Authors:	Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Mohammad, Sanjarmoosavi, Nasrin, Sanjarmoosavi, Naser, Shekouhi, Sahar
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Babol University of Medical Sciences 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920488/

id	pubmed-3920488
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-39204882014-02-18 Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Mohammad Sanjarmoosavi, Nasrin Sanjarmoosavi, Naser Shekouhi, Sahar Original Article Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the World War I and more recently during Gulf war in the early 1980s'. SM is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. Since SM has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the Iraqi regime against the Iranian soldiers as well as the civilian population particularly pregnant women in the border area; therefore, the investigation of SM adverse effects on cleft malformations which is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies is considered in this study. An experimental work has been carried out in embryopathy in mouse with intraperitoneal injection of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg SM at different periods of gestation. Cleft lip and palate were examined by stereomicroscopy. Current data demonstrate that exposure with SM on the 11th day of gestation can increase the incidence of cleft defects in comparison with control group (P<0.001). These results also show that SM treatment in GD 11 and 13 can lead to more anomalies compared with GD 14 (P<0.001). They also show that the teratogenic effects of SM are restrictively under the influence of the threshold dose and time of gestation. The present results suggest that exposure to sufficient doses of SM on critical days of gestation may increase the risk of congenital cleft malformations. Babol University of Medical Sciences 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3920488/ /pubmed/24551757 Text en © 2012, International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Mohammad Sanjarmoosavi, Nasrin Sanjarmoosavi, Naser Shekouhi, Sahar
spellingShingle	Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Mohammad Sanjarmoosavi, Nasrin Sanjarmoosavi, Naser Shekouhi, Sahar Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus
author_facet	Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Mohammad Sanjarmoosavi, Nasrin Sanjarmoosavi, Naser Shekouhi, Sahar
author_sort	Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi, Mohammad
title	Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus
title_short	Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus
title_full	Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus
title_fullStr	Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus
title_full_unstemmed	Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus
title_sort	cleft palate induced by sulfur mustard in mice fetus
description	Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the World War I and more recently during Gulf war in the early 1980s'. SM is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. Since SM has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the Iraqi regime against the Iranian soldiers as well as the civilian population particularly pregnant women in the border area; therefore, the investigation of SM adverse effects on cleft malformations which is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies is considered in this study. An experimental work has been carried out in embryopathy in mouse with intraperitoneal injection of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg SM at different periods of gestation. Cleft lip and palate were examined by stereomicroscopy. Current data demonstrate that exposure with SM on the 11th day of gestation can increase the incidence of cleft defects in comparison with control group (P<0.001). These results also show that SM treatment in GD 11 and 13 can lead to more anomalies compared with GD 14 (P<0.001). They also show that the teratogenic effects of SM are restrictively under the influence of the threshold dose and time of gestation. The present results suggest that exposure to sufficient doses of SM on critical days of gestation may increase the risk of congenital cleft malformations.
publisher	Babol University of Medical Sciences
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920488/
_version_	1612057093184946176

Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus

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