The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes annual epidemics of encephalitic disease throughout the world. Despite the ongoing risk to public health, no approved vaccines or therapies exist for use in humans to prevent or combat WNV infection. The innate immune respons...

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Main Authors: Quicke, Kendra M., Suthar, Mehul S.
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2013
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856407/
id pubmed-3856407
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-38564072013-12-09 The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection Quicke, Kendra M. Suthar, Mehul S. Review West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes annual epidemics of encephalitic disease throughout the world. Despite the ongoing risk to public health, no approved vaccines or therapies exist for use in humans to prevent or combat WNV infection. The innate immune response is critical for controlling WNV replication, limiting virus-induced pathology, and programming protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity to WNV infection. The RIG-I like receptors, Toll-like receptors, and Nod-like receptors detect and respond to WNV by inducing a potent antiviral defense program, characterized by production of type I IFN, IL-1β and expression of antiviral effector genes. Recent research efforts have focused on uncovering the mechanisms of innate immune sensing, antiviral effector genes that inhibit WNV, and countermeasures employed by WNV to antagonize innate immune cellular defenses. In this review, we highlight the major research findings pertaining to innate immune regulation of WNV infection. MDPI 2013-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3856407/ /pubmed/24178712 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5112643 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Quicke, Kendra M.
Suthar, Mehul S.
spellingShingle Quicke, Kendra M.
Suthar, Mehul S.
The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection
author_facet Quicke, Kendra M.
Suthar, Mehul S.
author_sort Quicke, Kendra M.
title The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection
title_short The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection
title_full The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection
title_fullStr The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed The Innate Immune Playbook for Restricting West Nile Virus Infection
title_sort innate immune playbook for restricting west nile virus infection
description West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes annual epidemics of encephalitic disease throughout the world. Despite the ongoing risk to public health, no approved vaccines or therapies exist for use in humans to prevent or combat WNV infection. The innate immune response is critical for controlling WNV replication, limiting virus-induced pathology, and programming protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity to WNV infection. The RIG-I like receptors, Toll-like receptors, and Nod-like receptors detect and respond to WNV by inducing a potent antiviral defense program, characterized by production of type I IFN, IL-1β and expression of antiviral effector genes. Recent research efforts have focused on uncovering the mechanisms of innate immune sensing, antiviral effector genes that inhibit WNV, and countermeasures employed by WNV to antagonize innate immune cellular defenses. In this review, we highlight the major research findings pertaining to innate immune regulation of WNV infection.
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2013
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856407/
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