Causal diagrams, the placebo effect, and the expectation effect
Using causal diagrams, a formal research methodology, we analyzed several definitions of placebo and the placebo effect. We conclude that placebo is an ambiguous, redundant term and that the so-called placebo effect conceals far more interesting effects that are attributed to the patient’s expectati...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2013
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3790888/ |